统计物理学 第1分册 理论物理学教程 第5卷PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本下载

统计物理学 第1分册 理论物理学教程 第5卷PDF格式电子书版下载

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Ⅰ. THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF STATISTICAL PHYSICS1

1. Statistical distributions1

2. Statistical independence6

3. Liouville's theorem9

4. The significance of energy11

5. The statistical matrix14

6. Statistical distributions in quantum statistics21

7. Entropy23

8. The law of increase of entropy29

Ⅱ. THERMODYNAMIC QUANTITIES34

9. Temperature34

10. Macroscopic motion36

11. Adiabatic processes38

12. Pressure41

13. Work and quantity of heat44

14. The heat function47

15. The free energy and the thermodynamic potential48

16. Relations between the derivatives of thermodynamic quantities51

17. The thermodynamic scale of temperature55

18. The Joule-Thomson process56

19. Maximum work57

20. Maximum work done by a body in an external medium59

21. Thermodynamic inequalities63

22. Le Chatelier's principle65

23. Nernst's theorem68

24. The dependence of the thermodynamic quantities on the number of particles70

25. Equilibrium of a body in an external field73

26. Rotating bodies74

27. Thermodynamic relations in the relativistic region76

Ⅲ. THE GIBBS DISTRIBUTION79

28. The Gibbs distribution79

29. The Maxwelliari distribution82

30. The probability distribution for an oscillator87

31. The free energy in the Gibbs distribution91

32. Thermodynamic perturbation theory95

33. Expansion in powers of h98

34. The Gibbs distribution for rotating bodies104

35. The Gibbs distribution for a variable number of particles106

36. The derivation of the thermodynamic relations from the Gibbs distribution109

Ⅳ. IDEAL GASES111

37. The Boltzmann distribution111

38. The Boltzmann distribution in classical statistics113

39. Molecular collisions115

40. Ideal gases not in equilibrium118

41. The free energy of an ideal Boltzmann gas120

42. The equation of state of an ideal gas121

43. Ideal gases with constant specific heat125

44. The law of equipartition129

45. Monatomic ideal gases132

46. Monatomic gases. The effect of the electronic angular momentum135

47. Diatomic gases with molecules of unlike atoms. Rotation of molecules137

48. Diatomic gases with molecules of like atoms. Rotation of molecules141

49. Diatomic gases. Vibrations of atoms143

50. Diatomic gases. The effect of the electronic angular momentum146

51. Polyatomic gases148

52. Magnetism of gases152

Ⅴ. THE FERMI AND BOSE DISTRIBUTIONS158

53. The Fermi distribution158

54. The Bose distribution159

55. Fermi and Bose gases not in equilibrium160

56. Fermi and Bose gases of elementary particles162

57. A degenerate electron gas166

58. The specific heat of a degenerate electron gas168

59. Magnetism of an electron gas. Weak fields171

60. Magnetism of an electron gas. Strong fields175

61. A relativistic degenerate electron gas178

62. A degenerate Bose gas180

63. Black-body radiation183

Ⅵ. SOLIDS191

64. Solids at low temperatures191

65. Solids at high temperatures195

66. Debye's interpolation formula198

67. Thermal expansion of solids201

68. Highly anisotropic crystals203

69. Crystal lattice vibrations207

70. Number density of vibrations211

71. Phonons215

72. Phonon creation and annihilation operators218

73. Negative temperatures221

Ⅶ. NON-IDEAL GASES225

74. Deviations of gases from the ideal state225

75. Expansion in powers of the density230

76. Van der Waals' formula232

77. Relationship of the virial coefficient and the scattering amplitude236

78. Thermodynamic quantities for a classical plasma239

79. The method of correlation functions243

80. Thermodynamic quantities for a degenerate plasma245

Ⅷ. PHASE EQUILIBRIUM251

81. Conditions of phase equilibrium251

82. The Clapeyron-Clausius formula255

83. The critical point257

84. The law of corresponding states260

Ⅸ. SOLUTIONS263

85. Systems containing different particles263

86. The phase rule264

87. Weak solutions265

88. Osmotic pressure267

89. Solvent phases in contact268

90. Equilibrium with respect to the solute271

91. Evolution of heat and change of volume on dissolution274

92. Solutions of strong electrolytes277

93. Mixtures of ideal gases279

94. Mixtures of isotopes281

95. Vapour pressure over concentrated solutions283

96. Thermodynamic inequalities for solutions286

97. Equilibrium curves289

98. Examples of phase diagrams295

99. Intersection of singular curves on the equilibrium surface300

100. Gases and liquids301

Ⅹ. CHEMICAL REACTIONS305

101. The condition for chemical equilibrium305

102. The law of mass action306

103. Heat of reaction310

104. Ionisation equilibrium313

105. Equilibrium with respect to pair production315

ⅩⅠ. PROPERTIES OF MATTER AT VERY HIGH DENSITY317

106. The equation of state of matter at high density317

107. Equilibrium of bodies of large mass320

108. The energy of a gravitating body327

109. Equilibrium of a neutron sphere329

ⅩⅡ. FLUCTUATIONS333

110. The Gaussian distribution333

111. The Gaussian distribution for more than one variable335

112. Fluctuations of the fundamental thermodynamic quantities338

113. Fluctuations in an ideal gas345

114. Poisson's formula347

115. Fluctuations in solutions349

116. Spatial correlation of density fluctuations350

117. Correlation of density fluctuations in a degenerate gas354

118. Correlations of fluctuations in time359

119. Time correlations of the fluctuations of more than one variable363

120. The symmetry of the kinetic coefficients365

121. The dissipative function368

122. Spectral resolution of fluctuations371

123. The generalised susceptibility377

124. The fluctuation-dissipation theorem384

125. The fluctuation-dissipation theorem for more than one variable389

126. The operator form of the generalised susceptibility393

127. Fluctuations in the curvature of long molecules396

ⅩⅢ. THE SYMMETRY OF CRYSTALS401

128. Symmetry elements of a crystal lattice401

129. The Bravais lattice403

130. Crystal systems405

131. Crystal classes409

132. Space groups411

133. The reciprocal lattice413

134. Irreducible representations of space groups416

135. Symmetry under time reversal422

136. Symmetry properties of normal vibrations of a crystal lattice427

137. Structures periodic in one and two dimensions432

138. The correlation function in two-dimensional systems436

139. Symmetry with respect to orientation of molecules438

140. Nematic and cholesteric liquid crystals440

141. Fluctuations in liquid crystals442

ⅩⅣ. PHASE TRANSITIONS OF THE SECOND KIND AND CRITICAL PHENOMENA446

142. Phase transitions of the second kind446

143. The discontinuity of specific heat451

144. Effect of an external field on a phase transition456

145. Change in symmetry in a phase transition of the second kind459

146. Fluctuations of the order parameter471

147. The effective Hamiltonian478

148. Critical indices483

149. Scale invariance489

150. Isolated and critical points of continuous transition493

151. Phase transitions of the second kind in a two-dimensional lattice498

152. Van der Waals theory of the critical point506

153. Fluctuation theory of the critical point511

ⅩⅤ. SURFACES517

154. Surface tension517

155. Surface tension of crystals520

156. Surface pressure522

157. Surface tension of solutions524

158. Surface tension of solutions of strong electrolytes526

159. Adsorption527

160. Wetting529

161. The angle of contact531

162. Nucleation in phase transitions533

163. The impossibility of the existence of phases in one-dimensional systems537

Index539