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Introduction1

Revolutionary Technologies？2

Determinisms3

The social determination of technology4

Technological enablement5

Base，superstructure，infrastructure7

The structure of the book9

1 Key Elements of Digital Media12

Technical Processes14

Digital14

Networked15

Interactive15

Hypertextual/Hypermediated17

Automated19

Databased20

Cultural Forms21

Context （or lack of it）22

Variability24

Rhizome26

Process29

Immersive Experiences30

Telepresence31

Virtuality32

Simulation33

Case Study：What Are Video Games？A Conundrum of Digital Culture39

Are video games ‘narratives’？40

Are video games ‘games’？41

Are video games ‘simulations’？42

Conclusion43

Further Reading44

Notes44

2 The Economic Foundations of the Information Age46

Post-industrialism49

Problems with the post-industrial thesis51

The Information Society52

Post-Fordism and Globalisation54

Informationalism and the Network Society57

The structure of networks60

The space of flows and timeless time61

Network economy and network enterprise62

Weightless Economies，Intellectual Property and the Commodification of Knowledge64

Weightless money64

Weightless services65

Weightless products66

The advantages of a weightless economy66

（Intellectual） property in a weightless economy67

Information feudalism69

Conclusion70

Further Reading71

3 Convergence and the Contemporary Media Experience72

Technological Convergence73

Regulatory Convergence75

Media Industry Convergence77

Concerns about media convergence79

Convergence Culture and the New Media Experience81

The creation of cross-media experiences82

Participatory media culture83

Collective intelligence85

Producers，Consumers and ‘Produsage’86

Case Study：The Changing Culture Industry of Digital Music88

The diginisation of music and its discontents89

‘Mash-ups’ and the crisis of authorship in digital culture90

Digital music cultures and music consumption92

Conclusion93

Further Reading94

4 Digital Inequality：Social，Political and Infrastructural Contexts95

‘Digital Divides’ and ‘Access’98

Domestic Digital Divides99

Global Digital Divides101

Mobile Phones，Access and the Developing World104

Economic reasons106

Social reasons106

Legislative reasons107

The Benefits of Mobile Telephony for the Developing World107

Conclusion109

Further Reading109

5 ‘Everyone is Watching’：Privacy and Surveillance in Digital Life111

The Changing Cultural Contexts of Privacy113

Privacy as a legal construction：a contradiction？114

Digital Surveillance：Spaces，Traces and Tools116

Key tools of digital surveillance117

The Rise of Surveillance：Causes and Processes119

Security imperatives：surveillance and the nation-state120

Surveillance，control imperatives and bureaucratic structures121

Techno-logic122

Commercial Imperatives and the Political Economy of Surveillance122

Marketing and personal data collection122

Databases，data-mining，and discourses124

The power of profiling125

Databases and profiling：pro’s and con’s127

Why Care About a Surveillance Society？128

Conclusion132

Further Reading133

6 Information Politics，Subversion and Warfare134

The Political Context of Information Politics135

ICT-Enabled Politics138

Visibility139

Internal organisation and mobilisation141

External collaboration and coordination141

Flexible organisation and ‘smart mobs’143

Permanent political campaigns：linear collaboration143

An internet public sphere？144

Digital Disobedience：ICT-Based Activism147

ICTs and Mainstream Politics148

Cyber Politics by Another Means：Cyber Warfare151

Cyber warfare as network-centric warfare152

Cyber warfare as information warfare153

Cyber warfare as espionage154

Cyber warfare as economic sabotage154

Cyber warfare as critical infrastructure attack155

Adjunct attacks155

Conclusion：Networks and Power156

Further Reading157

Notes158

7 Digital Identity159

‘Objects to Think With’：Early Internet Studies and Poststructuralism162

Personal Home Pages and the ‘Re-Centring’ of the Individual164

Personal Blogging，Individualisation and the Reflexive Project of the Self168

Social Networks，Profiles and Networked Identity170

Avatar and Identity173

Case Study：Cybersex，Online Intimacy and the Self176

The late-modern context of love and intimacy177

Cybersex：a novel from of intimacy178

Conclusion181

Further Reading183

Notes183

8 Social Media and the Problem of Community：Space，Relationships，Networks184

Searching for Lost Community：Urbanisation，Space and Scales of Experience185

Community，Globalisation，Technology and Individualism187

‘Virtual’ Communities：The Next Step？189

The virtues of virtual communities190

The vices of virtual community192

The reality of the situation195

Network Societies，Network Socialities and Networked Individualism197

The network society revisited197

Networked individualism199

The truth about networks199

Case Study：Social Networking，Microblogging，Language and Phatic Culture201

Technology，presence and the post-social202

Language，technology and phatic communication203

Conclusion205

Further Reading206

Notes206

9 The Body and Information Technology207

The Body，Technology and Society208

The Posthuman210

Cyborgs211

Material as information 1：extropianism and disembodiment，or‘flesh made data’214

Material as information 2：technological embodiment or ‘data made flesh’216

Technology，Embodiment Relations and ‘Homo Faber’218

Embodiment relation and mobile technologies220

Conclusion222

Further Reading223

Notes223

Conclusion：Base，Superstructure and Infrastructure （Revisited）224

References227

Index249