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Ship Sale and Purchase Fourth EditionPDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本下载

Ship Sale and Purchase Fourth Edition
  • Iain Goldrein 著
  • 出版社: LLP
  • ISBN:1843111454
  • 出版时间:2003
  • 标注页数:437页
  • 文件大小:104MB
  • 文件页数:466页
  • 主题词:

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图书目录

CHAPTER 1 THE SALE AND PURCHASE OF SECOND-HAND SHIPS1

1.Introduction1

2.What do prospective buyers look for?1

(1) General description1

(2) Role of Classification Societies2

(3) Commercial importance of classification2

(4) What does classification mean?3

(5) Frequency of classification surveys4

(6) Suspension or withdrawal of class4

(7) Classification and flagging5

(8) What is the importance of a ship’s classification status and history5

(9) Class records—what will they reveal?5

(10) Class records—how to exploit them to best advantage6

3.Assessing market value7

(1) Market value7

(2) Valuation criteria7

(3) Finance valuations8

4.Marine surveyor inspections8

(1) First stage—review of class records8

(2) Second stage—inspection on board ship9

(3) Variable factors9

(4) Third stage—report10

(5) Length of marine surveyor inspections10

(6) Inspection limitations10

5.Negotiations to the recap stage11

(1) Offers and counter-offers11

(2) Acceptance11

(3) The recap message11

6.From recap to delivery12

(1) Conduct of principals12

(2) The normal course of events13

7.Buyer’s flagging arrangements15

(1) Choice of flag15

(2) Eligibility tests17

(3) Safety17

(4) The ITF18

(5) Crewing requirements19

(6) The political dimension20

(7) Taxation and other matters21

(8) Provisional and permanent registration of the ship21

8.Sale contract considerations for ship financiers22

(1) Introduction22

(2) Sale contract23

(3) Choice of flag24

(4) Registration25

(5) Continuing inspection rights25

CHAPTER 2 SALE AND PURCHASE BROKERS27

1.Brokers as agents27

(1) Legal status of sale and purchase brokers27

(2) Appointment of broker27

(3) Duties of broker28

(4) Duty to advise or merely to provide information?29

(5) Confidential information29

(6) Tortious interference30

(7) Actual and ostensible authority30

(8) Principals beware31

(9) Liability of S&P brokers who sign sales contracts32

(10) Sole agent—potential problems33

(11) Lack of authority—S&P brokers beware34

2.Commission34

(1) Commission—the modern practice in S&P broking34

(2) Documenting commission arrangements35

(3) Address commission35

(4) When does the S&P broker’s entitlement to commission arise?35

(5) The web of business relationships36

(6) Enforcement:a potential problem for S&P brokers36

(7) The Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 199936

3.What happens when a broker is deprived of his commission?37

(1) The case law to 197937

(2) The case law from 1980 to 198738

(3) The case law from 1988—The Manifest Lipkowy39

4.Conflicts of interest and secret commissions41

(1) Conflicts of interest41

(2) Secret commissions—meaning41

(3) Secret commissions—consequences41

CHAPTER 3 CONTRACT FORMATION43

1.Freedom of contract43

(1) Sale of goods legislation43

(2) Statutory control over contractual provisions43

2.Ground rules for pre-contractual negotiations45

(1) Good faith45

(2) False or misleading statements48

(3) Mere representations49

(4) Representations which amount to contract terms49

(5) Rescission and s.2(2) of the Misrepresentation Act 196750

(6) Loss of rescission rights in other circumstances51

(7) Fraudulent misrepresentation51

(8) Non-fraudulent misrepresentation51

(9) Common law claims for misrepresentation52

(10) Collateral contracts52

3.Formation of Contract52

(1) Introduction52

(2) Use of written contracts54

4.When is there a binding contract?55

(1) A problem of interpretation55

(2) Must contracts be recorded in writing to be valid?57

(3) The Blankenstein57

(4) The Great Marine (No.2)59

(5) The Gladys (No.2)60

(6) Messina v.Polskie Linie Oceaniczne60

(7) The Bay Ridge60

(8) “Subjects”61

5.Contract terms64

(1) Conditions and warranties64

(2) Significance of distinction between conditions and warranties64

(3) Distinguishing between conditions and warranties65

(4) Intermediate terms66

(5) Distinguishing between conditions,warranties and intermediate terms67

6.Letters of intent and similar documents68

7.Use of standard form ship sale contracts69

(1) Saleform69

(2) Nipponsale70

(3) Other forms70

(4) The value of standard forms70

CHAPTER 4 SALEFORM 198773

1.Introduction73

2.Memorandum of Agreement73

3.Sellers and buyers74

(1) Sellers:who are they?74

(2) Doctrine of corporate personality74

(3) Buyers:who are they?76

4.The ship—description76

(1) Compliance with description76

(2) Description of ship in Saleform 198777

5.Contract of Sale—two categories79

(1) Line 1—meaning of “have today sold”79

(2) The two categories of a contract of sale79

(3) Two categories—why is the distinction important?79

6.Sellers losing all legal rights to the ship—consequences79

(1) Borrowings79

(2) Insurance79

(3) Risk79

(4) Insolvency79

(5) Classification80

7.Buyers acquiring all legal rights to the ship—consequences80

(1) Title80

(2) Borrowings80

(3) Insolvency80

(4) Classification80

8.Passing of title—the statutory background in English law80

(1) The legal principle80

(2) Ascertaining intention—the statutory guidelines80

(3) Deliverable state—meaning81

9.Passing of title under the printed terms of Saleform 198781

(1) When does title pass?81

(2) An example from the cases82

(3) Saleform 199382

10.Clause 1—Price82

(1) Price and purchase money82

(2) Bunkers,lubes,stores and provisions82

(3) Commission82

11.Clause 2—Deposit83

(1) Security for buyers’ performance of the contract83

(2) Failure to pay the deposit84

(3) Deposit and sub-sale85

(4) Other ways of securing buyers’ obligations86

(5) Security for sellers’ performance of the contract86

12.Clause 3—Payment88

(1) Receiving bank88

(2) Line 19 in clause 3—three banking days88

(3) Lines 19 and 20 in Clause 3—a problem concerning notice of readiness88

(4) When and to whom may notice of readiness be given?89

(5) Other possible notice of readiness problems90

(6) Payment of the purchase money91

13.Clause 4—Inspection93

(1) Interpretation93

(2) Deletion of clause 496

(3) Liability of a Classification Society to buyers96

(4) Breach of clause 4 by buyers100

14.Clause 5—Place and time of delivery100

(1) Line 36—meaning of delivery101

(2) Line 36—place of delivery101

(3) Line 37—temporal delivery range102

(4) Line 38—cancelling date102

(5) Lines 39 and 40—sellers’ notices102

(6) Lines 41 and 42—total loss,etc.103

15.Clause 6—Drydocking104

(1) Interpretation105

(2) Problem areas108

(3) Line 47—clean certificate of class and the role of the surveyor109

(4) Negotiated amendments to clause 6110

16.Clause 7—Spares and bunkers111

(1) Interpretation111

(2) Spares111

(3) What if sellers fail to deliver a spare part?111

(4) Spares to minimum class requirements113

(5) Lines 72 and 73—forwarding charges114

(6) Lines 75,76,79 and 80—excluded items114

(7) Lines 82 and 83—remaining bunkers115

(8) Lines 84 and 85—payments under clause 7115

17.Clause 8—Documentation116

(1) Sellers’ duties116

(2) Lines 87,92—94—buyers’ duties119

(3) Completion119

18.Clause 9—Encumbrances122

(1) The purpose of clause 9122

(2) The maritime lien124

(3) Nature of sellers’ clause 9 obligation125

(4) Discovery of outstanding claims against the ship128

19.Clause 10—Taxes,etc.129

(1) Buyers’ notes129

(2) Stamp duty129

20.Clause 11—Condition on delivery129

(1) Lines 109 and 110—risk129

(2) Line 111—inspection130

(3) Lines 112-115—condition on delivery130

(4) Class recommendations137

(5) Unofficial inspection at delivery138

(6) Negotiated amendments to clause 11138

21.Clause 12—Name/markings139

22.Clause 13—Buyers’ default139

(1) Interpretation139

(2) Failure to pay the deposit139

(3) Failure to pay the purchase money140

(4) Lines 119,122 and 123—exercising the right to cancel141

(5) Sellers’ remedies under the general law141

(6) Sellers’ remedies in practice145

(7) Lines 121 and 125—rate of interest145

(8) Currency of claim146

23.Clause 14—Sellers’ default146

(1) Sellers’ failure to execute a legal transfer of the ship or to deliver the ship146

(2) Buyers’ right to claim “compensation”147

(3) Measure of damages for non-delivery of the ship150

(4) Measure of damages for non-delivery of a spare part151

(5) Measure of damages for late delivery of the ship151

(6) Buyers’ right to reject the ship152

(7) Sales of Goods Act considerations153

(8) If buyers reject the ship,can they also terminate the contract?155

(9) Buyers’ right to claim damages in respect of “condition” claims155

(10) Mitigation156

(11) Sellers’ failure to deliver the ship and specific performance159

(12) Sellers’ default and injunctive relief160

(13) Freezing injunctions160

(14) Possible alternative remedies for buyers171

24.Clause 15—Arbitration174

(1) Dispute resolution and governing law174

(2) Arbitration174

(3) The LMAA Terms175

(4) Constituting the arbitral tribunal175

(5) Commencement of arbitration175

(6) Stay applications175

(7) Appeals from arbitral awards175

(8) Leave to appeal176

(9) Exclusion agreements176

(10) Reporting of arbitration proceedings176

(11) Governing law176

CHAPTER 5 SALEFORM 1993179

1.Introduction179

2.Preamble to Saleform 1993179

(1) Agreement to sell in future179

(2) Description of the ship180

(3) New definitions180

(4) Definition of “banking days”180

(5) Buyers’ notes180

(6) Definition of “in writing/written”180

3.Clause 1—Purchase price181

4.Clause 2—Deposit181

5.Clause 3—Payment181

(1) Payment without deduction181

(2) Notice of readiness under Saleform 1997182

(3) Notice of readiness under Saleform 1993182

6.Clause 4—Inspections183

(1) Two alternatives183

(2) First alternative:outright sale184

(3) Second alternative:sale subject to inspection184

(4) Buyers’ notes184

(5) Buyers’ reliance on class records185

7.Clause 5—Notices,time and place of delivery185

(1) Notices185

(2) Place of delivery186

(3) Cancelling date186

(4) Total loss of ship before delivery187

(5) Application of frustration and force majeure to Saleform 1993188

8.Clause 6—Drydocking/diver’s inspection188

(1) First part of new regime190

(2) Second part of new regime191

(3) Third part of new regime193

(4) Sellers’ notes193

(5) Buyers’ notes193

9.Clause 7—Spares/bunkers194

(1) Spares194

(2) Unused stores and provisions194

(3) Items on hire195

(4) Price of bunkers and unused lubricating oils195

10.Clause 8—Documentation196

(1) Completion:the position under previous Saleforms196

(2) Completion:the position under Saleform 1993196

(3) Sellers’ authorities198

11.Clause 9—Encumbrances199

(1) Mortgages199

(2) Charters199

(3) Buyers’ notes200

12.Clause 10—Taxes200

13.Clause 11—Condition on delivery200

(1) Saleform 1987 position201

(2) Saleform 1993 revision201

(3) Significance of revision in Saleform 1993202

(4) Buyers’ reaction to clause 11 of Saleform 1993203

(5) Buyers’ notes203

14.Clause 12—Name/markings204

15.Clause 13—Buyers’ default204

16.Clause 14—Sellers’ default204

(1) New definition of sellers’ default204

(2) Significance of new provisions205

(3) Buyers’ right to claim “compensation”206

(4) Causes of sellers’ default207

(5) Removal of interest rate fix209

17.Clause 15—Buyers’ representatives209

18.Clause 16—Arbitration210

(1) Arbitration and governing law under Saleform 1987210

(2) Arbitration and governing law under Saleform 1993211

(3) Arbitration procedure under Saleform 1993211

19.Additional provisions211

(1) Saleform 1993211

CHAPTER 6 NIPPONSALE 1999213

1.Introduction213

2.Part Ⅰ—Box format213

3.Part Ⅱ—Preamble215

4.Clause 1—Purchase price216

5.Clause 2—Payment216

6.Clause 3—Documentation217

7.Clause 4—Delivery place and time218

8.Clause 5—Delivery condition220

9.Clause 6—Underwater inspection220

10.Clause 7—Notice of readiness and liquidated damages223

11.Clause 8—Total loss and force majeure225

12.Clause 9—Transfer of title and risk226

13.Clause 10—Belongings and bunkers226

14.Clause 11—Exclusion from sale227

15.Clause 12—Change of name227

16.Clause 13—Encumbrances227

17.Clause 14—Default and compensation228

18.Clause 15—Arbitration230

19.Additional provisions230

CHAPTER 7 ADDITIONAL CLAUSES231

1.Introduction231

2.Memorandum of Agreement231

3.Can the parties assign or transfer contract rights and obligations?231

4.Alternative security arrangements233

(1) Security for buyers’ performance of the contract233

(2) Parent company guarantees233

(3) Bank guarantees235

(4) Preparation of guarantees235

(5) Letters of credit236

(6) The Messiniaki Tolmi238

(7) Using letters of credit—some lessons240

(8) Comfort letters240

(9) Security for sellers’ performance of the contract242

(10) Retention arrangements to secure sellers’ obligations242

5.Payment arrangements242

(1) The standard forms242

(2) Bankers’ payment letters242

(3) Advance deposit arrangements243

(4) Credit transfers244

(5) Payment by letter of credit245

(6) Cheques245

(7) Bills of exchange246

(8) Payment in kind246

6.Additional inspection rights246

(1) Condition surveys246

(2) Finance surveys247

(3) Other inspections247

7.Force majeure and frustration247

(1) Force majeure247

(2) Frustration249

8.Notices249

(1) Address details249

(2) E-mail notices250

(3) Presumption of good service250

(4) Compliance with notice provisions251

9.Divers’ inspections251

10.Additional closing documents251

(1) Documents to be delivered at closing251

(2) From sellers251

(3) From buyers253

(4) Saleform 1993253

(5) Nipponsale 1999253

11.Sellers’ warranty and indemnity253

(1) Charter free253

(2) Blacklisting or boycotting256

12.Condition on delivery257

(1) Examples from case law257

(2) Continuous machinery survey cycle up to date257

(3) Average damage affecting class257

(4) Trading certificates258

13.Buyers’ pre-delivery attendance on board ship258

(1) Saleform 1987258

(2) Saleform 1993259

(3) Nipponsale 1999259

14.Excluding liability for pre-contractual representations which are incorporated as terms of the contract259

15.Excluding liability for pre-contractual representations which are not also incorpor-ated as terms of the contract260

16.Other exclusions and limitations of liability261

17.Partial invalidity263

(1) Providing for partial invalidity263

(2) English law principles264

18.Restrictive covenants264

19.Intellectual property rights264

20.Good faith265

21.Variations265

22.Waiver266

23.Rights and remedies cumulative266

24.Time of the essence267

25.Confidentiality267

26.Conflict between the printed terms and type-added words267

(1) Resolving the conflict267

(2) Providing an internal priority order268

27.Third party rights268

28.Resolving disputes by arbitration268

29.Resolving disputes in court269

30.Resolving disputes by mediation271

31.Execution of the contract272

(1) Signatures and correction of errors272

(2) Counterparts273

(3) Annexes and schedules274

(4) Authorities274

APPENDICES275

APPENDIX 1 NORWEGIAN SHIPBUILDING CONTRACT277

APPENDIX 2 AWES SHIPBUILDING CONTRACT299

APPENDIX 3 SAJ SHIPBUILDING CONTRACT321

APPENDIX 4 MARAD CONTRACT345

APPENDIX 5 NSF ’87363

APPENDIX 6 NSF ’93371

APPENDIX 7 NIPPONSALE ’99379

APPENDIX 8 BARECON 2001383

APPENDIX 9 BILL OF SALE IN BRITISH FORM C.201397

APPENDIX 10 BILL OF SALE IN SUPERSEDED BRITISH FORM 10A399

APPENDIX 11 THE LMAA TERMS (2002)401

Index417

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