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超弦和M理论导论 第2版 英文PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本下载
- （美）Michio Kaku著 著
- 出版社： 世界图书出版公司北京公司
- ISBN：9787510005701
- 出版时间：2010
- 标注页数：587页
- 文件大小：20MB
- 文件页数：603页
- 主题词：高能物理学－英文
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图书目录
Ⅰ First Quantization and Path Integrals1
1 Path Integrals and Point Particles3
1.1 Why Strings?3
1.2 Historical Review of Gauge Theory7
1.3 Path Integrals and Point Particles18
1.4 Relativistic Point Particles25
1.5 First and Second Quantization28
1.6 Faddeev-Popov Quantization30
1.7 Second Quantization34
1.8 Harmonic Oscillators37
1.9 Currents and Second Quantization40
1.10 Summary44
References47
2 Nambu-Goto Strings49
2.1 Bosonic Strings49
2.2 Gupta-Bleuler Quantization60
2.3 Light Cone Quantization67
2.4 BRST Quantization70
2.5 Trees72
2.6 From Path Integrals to Operators78
2.7 Projective Invariance and Twists84
2.8 Closed Strings87
2.9 Ghost Elimination90
2.10 Summary95
References99
3 Superstrings101
3.1 Supersymmetric Point Particles101
3.2 Two-Dimensional Supersymmetry104
3.3 Trees111
3.4 Local Two-Dimensional Supersymmetry117
3.5 Quantization119
3.6 GSO Projection123
3.7 Superstrings126
3.8 Light Cone Quantization of the GS Action128
3.9 Vertices and Trees134
3.10 Summary136
References139
4 Conformal Field Theory and Kac-Moody Algebras141
4.1 Conformal Field Theory141
4.2 Superconformal Field Theory150
4.3 Spin Fields155
4.4 Superconformal Ghosts158
4.5 Fermion Vertex165
4.6 Spinors and Trees167
4.7 Kac-Moody Algebras170
4.8 Supersymmetry174
4.9 Summary174
References177
5 Multiloops and Teichmüller Spaces178
5.1 Unitarity178
5.2 Single-Loop Amplitude181
5.3 Harmonic Oscillators185
5.4 Single-Loop Superstring Amplitudes192
5.5 Closed Loops195
5.6 Multiloop Amplitudes200
5.7 Riemann Surfaces and Teichmüller Spaces210
5.8 Conformal Anomaly217
5.9 Superstrings221
5.10 Determinants and Singularities224
5.11 Moduli Space and Grassmannians226
5.12 Summary238
References242
Ⅱ Second Quantization and the Search for Geometry245
6 Light Cone Field Theory247
6.1 Why String Field Theory?247
6.2 Deriving Point Particle Field Theory250
6.3 Light Cone Field Theory254
6.4 Interactions261
6.5 Neumann Function Method267
6.6 Equivalence of the Scattering Amplitudes272
6.7 Four-String Interaction275
6.8 Superstring Field Theory280
6.9 Summary286
References290
7 BRST Field Theory291
7.1 Covariant String Field Theory291
7.2 BRST Field Theory297
7.3 Gauge Fixing300
7.4 Interactions303
7.5 Witten's String Field Theory308
7.6 Proof of Equivalence311
7.7 Closed Strings and Superstrings317
7.8 Summary328
References331
Ⅲ Phenomenology and Model Building335
8 Anomalies and the Atiyah-Singer Theorem337
8.1 Beyond GUT Phenomenology337
8.2 Anomalies and Feynman Diagrams341
8.3 Anomalies in the Functional Formalism346
8.4 Anomalies and Characteristic Classes348
8.5 Dirac Index353
8.6 Gravitational and Gauge Anomalies357
8.7 Anomaly Cancellation in Strings366
8.8 Summary368
References372
9 Heterotic Strings and Compactification373
9.1 Compactification373
9.2 The Heterotic String378
9.3 Spectrum383
9.4 Covariant and Fermionic Formulations386
9.5 Trees388
9.6 Single-Loop Amplitude391
9.7 E8 and Kac-Moody Algebras395
9.8 Lorentzian Lattices398
9.9 Summary400
References403
10 Calabi-Yau Spaces and Orbifolds404
10.1 Calabi-Yau Spaces404
10.2 Review of de Rahm Cohomology409
10.3 Cohomology and Homology413
10.4 K？hler Manifolds419
10.5 Embedding the Spin Connection426
10.6 Fermion Generations428
10.7 Wilson Lines432
10.8 Orbifolds434
10.9 Four-Dimensional Superstrings438
10.10 Summary449
References453
Ⅳ M-Theory455
11 M-Theory and Duality457
11.1 Introduction457
11.2 Duality in Physics458
11.3 Why Five String Theories?460
11.4 T-Duality462
11.5 S-Duality465
11.5.1 Type IIA Theory466
11.5.2 Type IIB Theory469
11.5.3 M-Theory and Type IIB Theory471
11.5.4 E8？E8 Heterotic String473
11.5.5 Type Ⅰ Strings473
11.6 Summary476
References480
12 Compactifications and BPS States482
12.1 BPS States482
12.2 Supersymmetry and P-Branes484
12.3 Compactification488
12.4 Example:D=6490
12.4.1 D=6,N=(2,2)Theory491
12.4.2 D=6,N=(1,1)Theories494
12.4.3 M-Theory in D=7496
12.5 Example:D=4,N=2 and D=6,N=1497
12.6 Symmetry Enhancement and Tensionless Strings499
12.7 F-Theory501
12.8 Example:D=4502
12.9 Summary504
References510
13 Solitons,D-Branes,and Black Holes511
13.1 Solitons511
13.2 Supermembrane Actions513
13.3 Five-Brahe Action516
13.4 D-Branes517
13.5 D-Brahe Actions521
13.6 M(atrix) Models and Membranes525
13.7 Black Holes532
13.8 Summary537
13.9 Conclusion542
References544
Appendix545
A.1 A Brief Introduction to Group Theory545
A.2 A Brief Introduction to General Relativity557
A.3 A Brief Introduction to the Theory of Forms561
A.4 A Brief Introduction to Supersymmetry566
A.5 A Brief Introduction to Supergravity573
A.6 Notation577
References579
Index581