A THEORY OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTSPDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本下载

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Introduction1

1. The Content and Purpose of a Theory of Constitutional Rights5

Ⅰ.The Concept of a General Legal Theory of the Constitutional Rights of the Basic Law5

1. A Theory of the Constitutional Rights of the Basic Law5

2. A Legal Theory of the Constitutional Rights of the Basic Law6

3. A General Legal Theory of the Constitutional Rights of the Basic Law10

Ⅱ.Constitutional Rights Theory and Constitutional Rights Theories11

Ⅲ.Constitutional Rights Theory as Structural Theory13

2. The Concept of a Constitutional Rights Norm19

Ⅰ.On the Concept of a Norm20

1. On the Controversy about the Concept of a Norm20

2. The Semantic Concept of a Norm21

3. The Separation of Semantic Questions from Questions of Validity25

4. The Connection of Semantic Questions with Questions of Validity27

5. The Assertion and Creation of Norms28

Ⅱ.The Constitutional Rights Norm30

1. Constitutional Rights Norms and Constitutional Rights Provisions31

2. Derivative Constitutional Rights Norms33

3. On Friedrich Mullet’s Theory of Constitutional Rights Norms38

3. The Structure of Constitutional Rights Norms44

Ⅰ.Rules and Principles44

1. Traditional Criteria for Distinguishing Rules from Principles45

2. Principles as Optimization Requirements47

3. Competing Principles and the Conflict of Rules48

4. The Different Prima Facie Character of Rules and Principles57

5. Rules and Principles as Reasons59

6. Generality and Principles60

7. Three Objections to Principles61

8. Principles and Proportionality66

Ⅱ.Three Models69

1. The Model of Pure Principles69

2. The Model of Pure Rules71

3. The Model of Rules and Principles80

Ⅲ.Theories of Principles and Values86

1. Principles and Values86

2. Objections to Theories of Principles and Values93

4. Constitutional Rights as Subjective Rights111

Ⅰ.On the Current Debate about Subjective Rights111

1. Subjective Rights and Normative Questions111

2. Subjective Rights and Empirical Questions113

3. Subjective Rights and Analytical Questions114

Ⅱ.A System of Basic Legal Positions120

1. Rights to Something120

2. Liberties138

3. Powers149

Ⅲ.The Complete Constitutional Right159

5. Constitutional Rights and Legal Status163

Ⅰ. Jellinek’s Theory of Legal Status163

1. The Passive Status164

2. The Negative Status166

3. The Positive Status169

4. The Active Status172

Ⅱ.On the Critique of Jellinek’s Status Theory173

6. The Limits of Constitutional Rights178

Ⅰ.The Concept and Types of Constitutional Rights Limit178

1. The Logical Possibility of Limits178

2. The Concept of a Constitutional Rights Limit181

3. Types of Limit184

4. On the Guarantee of an Inalienable Core as a Limit to Limits192

Ⅱ.The Scope and Limits of Constitutional Rights196

1. The Protected Area and Scope of Rights196

2. Narrow and Wide Theories of Scope200

Ⅲ.Limitation and Outworking217

7. The General Right to Liberty223

Ⅰ.The Concept of a General Right to Liberty223

Ⅱ.A Formal-Material Conception of the General Right to Liberty226

1. The No-Content Objection226

2. The Combination of Formal and Material Principles232

Ⅲ.Spheres of Protection and Implied Liberties236

1. Sphere Theory236

2. Implied Liberties239

Ⅳ.Problems with the General Right to Liberty243

1. The General Right to Liberty and Selected Guarantees244

2. The General Right to Liberty and the System of Constitutional Rights245

3. The General Right to Liberty and the ‘Isolated Individual’248

4. The General Right to Liberty and Other Constitutional Norms251

8. The General Right to Equality260

Ⅰ.Equality in the Application and Creation of Law260

Ⅱ.The Structure of the Requirement of Equality in the Creation of Law262

Ⅲ.The Formulae of the Federal Constitutional Court265

Ⅳ.Similar and Differential Treatment270

1. The Requirement of Similar Treatment270

2. The Requirement of Differential Treatment271

Ⅴ.The Principle of Equality and Evaluation273

Ⅵ.Legal and Factual Equality276

1. The Concepts of Legal and Factual Equality276

2. The Principles of Legal and Factual Equality276

3. On the Role of the Principle of Factual Equality278

Ⅶ.The Structure of Equality Rights as Subjective Rights285

9. Rights to Positive State Action （Entitlements in the Wide Sense）288

Ⅰ.Basic Terms and Concepts288

1. Constitutional Text and Legislative History288

2. The Case-Law of the Federal Constitutional Court290

3. The Nature of the Dispute about Entitlements293

4. The Concept and Division of Entitlements294

5. The Guiding Idea297

Ⅱ.Protective Rights300

1. On the Concept of Protective Rights300

2. The Existence of Protective Rights301

3. Structure and Justiciability of Protective Rights308

Ⅲ.Rights to Organization and Procedure314

1. On the Current State of Debate314

2. The Concept of a Right to Organization and Procedure315

3. On the Problem of their Existence317

4. Procedural Rights and Status Theory319

5. Types of Right to Organization and Procedure323

Ⅳ.Entitlements in the Narrow Sense （Social Constitutional Rights）334

1. Concept and Structure334

2. On the Arguments For and Against Social Constitutional Rights337

3. A Model of Social Constitutional Rights343

10. Constitutional Rights and Constitutional Rights Norms in the Legal System349

Ⅰ.The Fundamental Nature of Constitutional Rights Norms349

Ⅱ.Third Party, or Horizontal, Effect351

1. On the ‘Radiation’ Thesis352

2. The Construction of Horizontal Effect354

Ⅲ.The Legal System and Constitutional Rights Reasoning365

1. Constitutional Rights and the Nature of the Legal System365

2. On the Problem of the Controlling Competence of the Constitutional Court366

3. Argumentation and Decision369

Postscript388

Ⅰ.Too Little and Too Much388

Ⅱ.Framework and Foundation390

1. The Concept of a Framework391

2. The Concept of a Foundation394

Ⅲ.Structural Discretion and Balancing394

1. End-Setting Discretion395

2. Means-Selecting Discretion396

3. Discretion in Balancing396

Ⅳ.Formal Principles414

1. Epistemic Discretion as the Outcome of Balancing414

2. Epistemic Discretion and the Binding Nature of the Constitution422

Appendix: The Constitutional Rights Provisions of the German Basic Law426

Bibliography434

Index457