System of Ophthalmology Volume XIII The Ocular Adnexa Part II LacrimalPDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本下载

System of Ophthalmology Volume XIII The Ocular Adnexa Part II LacrimalPDF格式电子书版下载

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SECTION Ⅱ DISEASES OF THE LACRIMAL APPARATUS595

CHAPTER Ⅸ DISEASES OF THE LACRIMAL GLAND595

Ⅰ．Disorders of Secretion596

(a) Lacrimal Hypersecretion597

(b) Lacrimal Hyposecretion599

Ⅱ．Inflammations of the Lacrimal Gland601

(a) Acuter Dacryoadenitis601

1．Acute Palpebral Dacryoadenitis601

2．Acute Orbital and Orbito-palpebral Dacryoadenitis604

Primary605

epidemic606

secondary606

gonococcal606

mumps607

infectious mononucleosis608

zoster608

African histoplasmosis608

(b) Chronic Dacryoadenitis610

Trachomatous612

tuberculous613

leprotic615

syphilitic615

actinomycetic617

(c) Sarcoidosis618

(d) Mikulicz＇s Syndrome620

Ⅲ．Lacrimal Involvement in General Disease622

(a) Thyrotoxicosis622

(b) Hypothyroidism623

(c) Other Diseases623

Blood and connective-tissue diseases;primary amyloidosis623

Ⅳ．Atrophies of the Lacrimal Gland625

(a) Senile Atrophy625

(b) Idiopathic Atrophy (the Gougerot-Sjogren Syndrome)626

(c) Consecutive Atrophy635

Ⅴ．Cysts of the Lacrimal Gland638

(a) Simple Dacryops of the Palpebral Lobe638

(b) Multiple Cystic Degeneration640

(c) Simple Cysts of the Orbital Lobe641

(d) Parasitic and Dermoid Cysts641

(e) Cysts of Krause＇s Glands642

Ⅵ．Tumours and Pseudo-tumours of the Lacrimal Gland643

(a) Pseudo-tumours647

(b) Tumours650

1．Epithelial Tumours650

(ⅰ) Mixed Tumours652

Benign pleomorphic adenoma652

malignant pleomorphic adenocarcinoma655

(ⅱ) Adenocarcinoma657

(ⅲ) Oncocytoma (Oxyphil-cell Adenoma)659

(ⅳ) Tumours of Krause＇s Glands660

(ⅴ) Tumours of Ectopic (Aberrant) Lacrimal Gland Tissue661

2．Lympho-reticular Tumours662

(ⅰ) Lymphoma663

(ⅱ) Leucaemia664

(ⅲ) Hodgkin＇s Disease664

(ⅳ) Lymphosarcoma664

(ⅴ) Reticulo-histiocytoma665

(ⅵ) Giant Follicular Lymphoma665

(ⅶ) Plasmocytoma668

3．Other Tumours668

Angioma668

melanoma668

ganglioneuroma668

4．Secondary Tumours669

5．Metastatic Carcinoma669

Ⅶ．Fistulae of the Lacrimal Gland670

Ⅷ．Dacryoliths672

Ⅸ．Prolapse of the Lacrimal Gland672

CHAPTER Ⅹ DISEASES OF THE LACRIMAL PASSAGES675

Ⅰ．Epiphora675

Methods of Inyestigation677

Instillation of coloured fluids678

syringing679

probing680

radiological examination682

microscintigraphy686

nasal examination686

Ⅱ Insufficiency of the Lacrimal Passages687

(a) Insufficiency of the Puncta687

(b) Insufficiency of the Lacrimal Sac690

(c) Valvular Insufficiency (Pneumatocele)691

Ⅲ．Inflammations of the Lacrimal Passages693

(a) Canaliculitis693

Suppurative694

trachomatous695

tuberculous695

viral696

actinomycotic696

mycotic698

(b) Dacryocystitis699

Incidence699

aetiology700

1．Chronic Dacryocystitis704

Catarrhal704

mucocele704

suppurative706

2．Acute Dacryocystitis707

Suppurative707

peridacryocystitis709

gangrenous peridacryocystitis709

Pathology of dacryocystitis711

treatment714

3．Dacryocystitis Neonatorum721

4．Specific Types of Dacryocystitis724

Trachomatous724

tuberculous725

leprotic728

syphilitic728

other bacterial infections729

viral729

mycotic729

parasitic731

myiasis731

sarcoidosis731

Ⅳ．Cysts and Diverticula733

Ⅴ．Tumours and Pseudo-tumours735

(a) Tumours and Pseudo-tumours of the Canaliculi735

1．Non-specific Granulomata735

2．Tumours737

Papilloma737

maevus737

malignant tumours737

secondary tumours738

(b) Tumours and Pseudo-tumours of the Lacrimal Sac738

1．Non-specific Granulomata:Pseudo-tumours743

2．Epithelial Tumours745

(ⅰ) Transitional-cell Epithelial Tumours745

(ⅱ) Adenoma752

(ⅲ) Pleomorphic Adenoma752

(ⅳ) Oncocytoma752

3．Lympho-reticular Tumours753

Lymphoma753

lymphosarcoma754

giant follicular lymphoma755

reticulum-cell sarcoma756

Hodgkin＇s disease756

4．Pigmented Tumours756

5．Rare Tumours758

Fibroma758

haemangioma758

glomus tumour758

Kaposi＇s sarcoma758

lymphangio-endothelioma758

neurofibroma758

granular-cell schwannoma758

sarcomata758

6．Secondary Tumours759

7．Metastatic Tumours759

Ⅵ．Dacryostenosis759

Of the punctum759

of the canaliculus760

of the lacrimal sac and duct763

Ⅶ．Foreign Bodies;Dacryoliths766

SECTION Ⅲ DISEASES OF THE ORBIT771

CHAPTER Ⅺ GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS773

Ⅰ．Anatomical Considerations774

Ⅱ．Surgical Approaches776

Ⅲ．Methods of Investigation779

(a) Clinical Examination779

(b) Exophthalmometry780

(c) Orbitonometry788

(d) Radiological Investigation791

1．Plain Radiographs;Tomographs791

2．Orbital Angiography797

Arteriography797

venography798

3．Orbitography801

4．Radio-active Isotope Scanning803

5．Ultrasonography804

6．Thermography808

7．Biopsy809

CHAPTER Ⅻ DISTURBANCES OF THE CIRCULATION811

Ⅰ．Orbital OEdema811

Reactive813

static814

toxic815

vasomotor815

Ⅱ．Venous Congestion and Thrombosis816

Idiopathic thrombosis of the orbital veins,816

of the cavernous sinus818

Ⅲ．Orbital Haemorrhages819

Spontaneous819

congestive821

traumatic822

Ⅳ．Orbital Varix825

The Klippel-Trénaunay-Weber syndrome832

Ⅴ．Aneurysms834

(a) Saccular Aneurysms835

1．Of the Carotid Artery835

2．Of the Ophthalmic Artery836

3．Of the Lacrimal Artery839

(b) Arterio-venous Fistula839

1．Carotico-cavernous Fistula839

2．Of Orbital Vessels848

The Wyburn-Mason syndrome850

general arterial dilatation850

general arterial dilatation850

CHAPTER ⅩⅢ INFLAMMATIONS OF THE ORBIT859

Ⅰ．General Considerations;AEtiology859

Ⅱ．Non-specific Orbital Inflammations866

(a) Acute Orbital Inflammations866

1．Cellulitis and Intra-orbital Abscess867

2．Gas in the Orbit871

3．Orbital Thrombophlebitis871

4．Orbital Osteo-periostitis872

In adults873

in infants876

5．Tenonitis878

6．The Treatment of Acute Inflammations880

(b) Cavernous Sinus Thrombophlebitis884

(c) Chronic Orbital Inflammations889

1．Inflammatory Pseudo-tumours889

2．Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome899

3．Charonic Orbital Myositis900

Ⅲ．Specific Infections902

(a) Tuberculosis902

(b) Syphilis905

(c) Actinomycosis;Nocardiosis910

(d) Glanders913

(e) Anthrax913

(f) Typhoid913

(g) Mycotic Infections914

Aspergillosis914

phycomycosis (mucormycosis)916

sporotrichosis919

maduromycosis919

cryptococcosis919

blastomycosis920

coccidioidomycosis920

rhinosporidiosis921

African histoplasmosis921

candidiasis921

(h) Parasitic Infestations921

1．Protozoa:Amoebiasis921

2．Nemathelminthes921

Filariasis921

trichiniasis922

ascariasis923

3．Platyhelminthes924

Schistosomiasis924

paragonimiasis924

sparganosis925

echinococcosis925

cysticercosis929

4．Molluscs931

5．Arthropoda:Myiasis931

CHAPTER ⅩⅣ ORBITAL INVOLVEMENT IN GENERAL DISEASE935

Ⅰ．Endocrine Disorders (Thyrotoxicosis and Endocrine Exophthalmos)935

(a) Clinical Picture938

The eyelids940

conjunctiva943

pupils944

motility944

exophthalmos944

(b) Differential Diagnosis948

(c) Pathology949

(d) Pathogenesis953

(d) Pathogenesis953

(e) Treatment956

Ⅱ．Lipoidoses968

(a) Histiocytosis X968

Hand-Schüller-Christian disease969

eosinophilic granuloma972

Letterer-Siwe disease978

(b) Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymphadenopathy974

(c) Juvenile Xanthogranuloma975

(d) Orbital Xanthomatosis975

Ⅲ．Amyloidosis977

Ⅳ．Nodular Fasciitis979

Ⅴ．Necrotizing Angiitis979

(a) Polyarteritis Nodosa980

(b) Giant-cell Arteritis980

(c) Wegener＇s Granulomatosis981

Ⅵ．Sarcoidosis985

Ⅶ．Osteopathies987

(a) Exostoses987

(b) Hyperostosis987

(c) Infantile Cortical Hyperostosis988

(d) Morgagni＇s Syndrome990

(e) Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone992

(f) Osteitis Deformans (Paget＇s Disease)998

(g) Leontiasis Ossea1003

CHAPTER ⅩⅤ DEGENERATIONS AND ATROPHIES1007

Ⅰ．Primary Fat Infiltration of the Orbit1007

Ⅱ．(Sclerosing) Lipogranulomatosis1007

Ⅲ．Progressive Lipodystrophy1010

Ⅳ．Calcareous Degeneration1011

Ⅴ．Orbital Atrophy1012

CHAPTER ⅩⅥ CYSTS AND TUMOURS1017

A．Orbital Cysts1017

B．Orbital Tumours1021

Symptomatology1021

diagnosis1204

treatment1204

Ⅰ．Primary Orbital Tumors1026

(a) Definitive Mesenchymal Tumours1029

1．Fibroma1029

Fibrohistiocytoma1031

2．Lipoma1031

3．Myxoma1032

4．Chondroma1033

5．Osteoma1034

Osteoid osteoma1035

osteoclastoma1036

6．Sarcomata1037

(ⅰ) Fibrosarcoma1039

(ⅱ) Liposarcoma1041

(ⅲ) Chondrosarcoma1041

(ⅳ) Osteosarcoma1044

(ⅴ) Ewing＇s Sarcoma of Bone1045

(ⅵ) Osteogenic Sarcoma of Soft Tissues1045

(ⅶ) Mesenchymoma1046

7．Meningioma1047

(b) Myomatous Tumours1048

1．Rhabdomyoma1049

2．Leiomyoma1049

3．Rhabdomyosarcoma1051

(c) Lympho-reticular Tumours1061

1．Benign Lymphoma1064

2．Lymphosarcoma1065

3．Reticulum-cell Sarcoma1067

4．Giant Follicular Lymphoma1069

5．Burkitt＇s Lymphoma1070

6．Orbital Involvement in Leucaemia1073

7．Chloroma1076

8．Hodgkin＇s Disease1080

(d) Plasma-cell Tumours1081

1．Extramedullary Plasmocytoma1082

2．Multiple Myeloma1083

(e) Vascular Tumours1086

1．Haemangioma1086

2．Gemmangioma1096

3．Haemangio-endothelioma1097

Ⅰ．Primary Orbital Tumours－contd．1098

(e) Vascular Tumours－contd．1099

4．Haemangio-pericytoma1099

5．Haemangio-leiomyoma1100

6．Lymphangioma1102

(f) Neural Tumours1105

1．Neurilemmoma1105

2．Neurofibromatosis1108

3．Ganglioneuroma1113

4．Neuroblastoma1113

5．Tumours of Chromaffin and Chemoreceptor Tissue1114

(ⅰ) (Alveolar) Non-chromaffin Paraganglioma1115

(ⅱ) Chemodectoma1116

6．Tumours of Cerebral Character1119

7．Granular-cell Schwannoma of Abrikossoff1121

8．Retinal Anlage Tumour1122

9．AEsthesioneuroblastoma1123

10．(Amputation Neuroma)1123

(g) Epithelial Tumours1125

1．Carcinoma1125

2．Dental Epithelial Tumours1125

Post-radiational Tumours1129

Ⅱ．Secondary Orbital Tumours1130

(a) Meningioma1131

(b) Chordoma1137

(c) Glioma1138

(d) Carcinoma1138

(e) Sarcoma1139

(f) Retinoblastoma1139

(g) Malignant Melanoma1141

Ⅲ．Metastatic Orbital Tumours1144

(a) Carcinoma1146

(b) The Carcinoid Syndrome1149

(c) Renal Adenocarcinoma1150

(d) Seminoma1152

(e) Neuroblastoma1153

(f) Phaeochromocytoma1159

(g) Nephroblastoma (Wilms＇s Tumour)1159

(h) Sarcoma1160

(i) Ewing＇s Sarcoma1162

(j) Malignant Melanoma1163

SECTION Ⅳ DISEASES OF THE PARA-ORBITAL REGIONS1167

Ⅰ．Diseases of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses1167

(a) Inflammatory Conditions1169

(b) Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone1169

(c) Cysts of the Sinuses1171

1．Mucocele (Pyocele)1171

2．Pneumo-sinus Dilatans1177

3．Dental and Dentigerous Cysts1178

(d) Tumours of the Nose and Sinuses1180

1．Benign Tumours1180

(ⅰ) Osteoma1180

(ⅱ) Other Benign Tumours1188

2．Malignant Tumours1190

(ⅰ) Carcinoma1191

(ⅱ) Malignant Salivary Tumours1196

(ⅲ) AEsthesioneuroblastoma1198

(ⅳ) Sarcoma1200

Malignant lymphoma1200

osteosarcoma1202

fibrosarcoma1203

rhabdomyosarcoma1204

(ⅴ) Multiple Myeloma1205

Ⅱ．Nasopharyngeal Tumours1206

(a) Nasopharyngeal Fibroma1208

(b) Malignant Tumours1210

Carcinoma1211

sarcoma1214

plasmocytoma and myeloma1214

APPENDIX DISPLACEMENTS OF THE GLOBE1228

A．Proptosis:Exophthalmos1228

B．Luxation of the Globe1233

C．Enophthalmos1235