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TRANSLATION OF ARISTOTLE'S POLITICS1

NOTE．The titles of the different books,the division of each book into parts,and the headings of these parts,are due solely to the translator．1

BOOK Ⅰ．THE THEORY OF THE HOUSEHOLD1

A．The political association,and its relation to other associations(cc.i-ii)1

B．The association of the household and its different factors(cc.iii-xiii)8

1．The constituent elements of the household(c.iii)8

2．Slavery(cc.iv-vii)9

3．Property and the art of acquisition(cc.viii-xi)18

4．Marriage,parenthood,and the general management of the household(cc.xii-xiii)32

BOOK Ⅱ．REVIEW OF IDEAL STATES39

A．Ideal states in theory(cc.i-viii)39

1．Plato's Republic(cc.i-v)39

2．Plato's Laws(c.vi)56

3．Phaleas of Chalcedon(c.vii)62

4．Hippodamus of Miletus(c.viii)68

B．Actual states which approach the ideal(cc.ix-xii)73

1．The Spartan constitution(c.ix)73

2．The Cretan type of constitution(c.x)80

3．The Carthaginian constitution(c.xi)83

4．Postscript on other legislators(c.xii)87

BOOK Ⅲ．THE THEORY OF CITIZENSHIP AND CONSTITU-TIONS92

A．Citizenship(cc.i-v)92

B．Constitutions and their classification(cc.vi-viii)110

C．The principles of oligarchy and democracy,and the nature of dis-tributive justice(cc.ix-xiii)116

D．Kingship and its forms(cc.xiv-xviii)137

BOOK Ⅳ．ACTUAL CONSTITUTIONS AND THEIR VARIETIES154

A．Introductory(cc.i-ii)154

B．The varieties of the main types of constitution,especially de-mocracy,oligarchy,and'polity'(cc.iii-x)160

C．The type of constitution which is most generally practicable(c.xi)179

D．What sort of constitution is desirable for what sort of civic body?(cc.xii-xiii)184

E．The methods of establishing constitutions,in relation to the three powers—deliberative,executive,and judicial(cc.xiv-xvi)188

BOOK Ⅴ．CAUSES OF REVOLUTION AND CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGE203

A．The general causes of revolution and change in all types of constitu-tion (cc.i-iv)203

B．The particular causes of revolution and change in different types of constitution(cc.v-xii)214

1．Democracies(c.v)214

2．Oligarchies(c.vi)217

3．Aristocracies(c.vii)221

4．The methods of ensuring constitutional stability in the three previous types of constitution(cc.viii-ix)224

5．Monarchies—including both kingships and tyrannies(cc.x-xii)235

BOOK Ⅵ．METHODS OF CONSTRUCTING DEMOCRACIES AND OLIGARCHIES WITH A VIEW TO STABILITY255

A．The construction of democracies(cc.i-v)255

B．The construction of oligarchies(cc.vi-viii)270

BOOK Ⅶ．POLITICAL IDEALS AND EDUCATIONAL PRIN-CIPLES279

A．Political ideals:the nature of the highest good and of the best and happiest life(cc.i-iii)279

B．The population,the territory,the natural endowment of the in-habitants,the social structure,and the physical planning of the central city,in an ideal state(cc.iv-xii)289

1．The population(c.iv)289

2．The territory(cc.v-vi)293

3．The natural endowment(c.vii)295

4．The social structure(cc.viii-x)297

5．The planning of the central city(cc.xi-xii)306

C．The general principles of education(cc.xiii-xv)311

1．The end and the means(c.xiii)311

2．Education and citizenship:education for leisure,and educa-tion of character(cc.xiv-xv)314

D．The early stages of education(cc.xvi-xvii)324

1．The regulation of marriage for the purpose of ensuring a good offspring(c.xvi)324

2．The nursery and the infant school(c.xvii)328

BOOK Ⅷ．THE TRAINING OF YOUTH332

A．The general scheme of training(cc.i-iii)332

B．Physical training,or gymnastic(c.iv)338

C．The aims and methods of education in music(cc.v-vii)339

APPENDIXES354

Ⅰ．THE CONCEPTION OF POLITICS IN THE ETHICS AND THE RHETORIC354

Ⅱ．THE CONCEPTION OF JUSTICE,LAW,AND EQUITY IN THE ETHICS AND THE RHETORIC362

Ⅲ．THE CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTITUTIONS IN THE ETHICS AND THE RHETORIC373

Ⅳ．ARISTOTLE ON THE CONSTITUTION OF ATHENS377

Ⅴ．THE POLITICAL MISCELLANIES OF ARISTOTLE385

INDEX391