塞罕坝动物志 脊椎动物卷PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本下载

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总论1

一、塞罕坝自然概况1

（一）地理位置及地貌1

（二）气候条件1

（三）土壤类型2

（四）河流水文2

（五）古地理概况2

（六）自然资源3

（七）人文及社会状况3

二、塞罕坝动物资源的历史变迁3

三、塞罕坝脊椎动物群落的结构与多样性5

（一）塞罕坝森林—草原交错带的划分5

（二）脊椎动物群落结构与多样性研究方法6

（三）脊椎动物群落的结构与多样性9

四、塞罕坝动物经济意义38

（一）珍稀保护种类38

（二）农林、卫生有益动物39

（三）食用动物40

（四）毛皮动物40

（五）药用动物40

（六）观赏动物41

（七）动物危害41

各论42

硬骨鱼纲OSTEICHTHYES42

鱼类形态特征及常用名词术语42

一、鲑形目Salmoniformes44

（一）鲑科Salmonidae44

细鳞鲑属Brachymystax Güenther,186644

1．细鳞鲑Brachymystax lenok(Pallas)44

二、鲤形目Cypriniformes46

（二）鲤科Cyprinidae46

雅罗鱼亚科Leuciscinae47

A．？属Phoxinus Agassiz,183547

2．洛氏？Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski47

B．雅罗鱼属Leuciscus Cuvier,181748

3．瓦氏雅罗鱼Leuciscus waleckii(Dybowski)49

鲤亚科Cyprininae50

C．鲤属Cyprinus Linnaeus,175850

4．鲤Cyprinus carpio(Linnaeus)51

D．鲫属Carassius Jarocki,182252

5．鲫Carassius auratus(Linnaeus)52

（三）鳅科Cobitidae54

花鳅亚科Cobitinae54

泥鳅属Misgurnus lacépède,180354

6．北方泥鳅Misgurnus bipartitus(Sauvage et Dabry)54

7．泥鳅Misgurnus anguillicaudatus(Cantor)55

三、刺鱼目Gasterosteiformes56

（四）刺鱼科Gasterosteidae57

多刺鱼属Pungitius Coste,184657

8．中华多刺鱼Pungitius sinensis(Guichenot)57

两栖纲AMPHIBIA58

无尾两栖动物分类的形态学特征及常用名词术语58

一、无尾目Anura63

（一）蟾蜍科Bufonidae64

蟾蜍属Bufo Laurenti,176864

1．中华蟾蜍Bufo gargarizans Cantor,184264

2．花背蟾蜍Bufo raddei Strauch,187666

（二）雨蛙科Hylidae68

雨蛙属Hyla Laurenti,176868

3．日本雨蛙Hyla japonica Güenther,184268

（三）蛙科Ranidae70

A．林蛙属Rana Linnaeus,175870

4．中国林蛙Rana chensinensis David,187571

B．侧褶蛙属Pelophylax Fitzinger,184373

5．黑斑侧褶蛙Pelophylax nigromaculatus Hallowell,186073

爬行纲REPTILIA75

爬行纲动物分类常用名词术语76

一、蜥蜴目Lacertiforms80

（一）壁虎科Gekkonidae Groy,182580

壁虎属Gekko Laurenti,176881

1．无蹼壁虎Gekko swinhonis Güenther,186481

（二）鬣蜥科Agamidae Gray,182782

沙蜥属Phrynocephalus Kaup,182583

2．草原沙蜥Phrymocephalus frontalis Strauch,187683

（三）蜥蜴科Lacertidae Gray,182584

麻蜥属Eremias Wiegmarm,183484

3．丽斑麻蜥Eremias argus Peters,186984

4．山地麻蜥Eremias brenchleyi Güenther,187286

二、蛇目Serpentiformes87

（四）游蛇科Colubridae Gray,182587

A．游蛇属Coluber Linnaeus,175888

5．黄脊游蛇Coluber spinalis(Peters,1866)88

B．锦蛇属Elaphe Fitzinger,188389

6．白条锦蛇Elaphe dione(Pallas,1773)90

7．红点锦蛇Elaphe rufodorsata(Cantor,1842)91

8．团花锦蛇Elaphe davidi(Sauvage,1884)93

C．颈槽蛇属Rhabdophis Fitzinger,184394

9．虎斑颈槽蛇Rhabdophis tigrinus(Boie,1826)95

（五）蝮科Crotalidae96

亚洲蝮属Gloydius Hoge and Romano-Hoge,198197

10．中介蝮Gloydius intermedius(Strauch,1868)97

鸟纲AVES98

鸟类分类的形态学特征及常用名词术语99

一、目Podicipediformes111

（一）科Podicipedidae112

A．小属Tachybaptus Reichenbach,1852112

1．小Tachybaptus ruficollis(Pallas)112

B．属Podiceps Latham,1787113

2．凤头Podiceps cristatus(Linnaeus)114

3．黑颈Podiceps nigricollis Brehm115

二、鹈形目Pelecaniformes117

（二）鸬鹚科Phalacrocoracidae117

鸬鹚属Phalacrocorax Brisson,1760117

4．普通鸬鹚Phalacrocorax carbo Linnaeus117

三、鹳形目Ciconiiformes119

（三）鹭科Ardeidae120

A．鹭属Ardea Linnaeus,1758120

5．苍鹭Ardea cinerea Linnaeus120

B．苇？属Ixobrychus Billberg,1828122

6．黄斑苇？Ixobrychus sinensis(Gmelin)122

C．麻？属Botaurus Stephens,1819123

7．大麻？Botaurus stellaris(Linnaeus)124

（四）鹳科Ciconiidae125

鹳属Ciconia Brisson,1760126

8．黑鹳Ciconia nigra(Linnaeus)126

四、雁形目Anseriformes127

（五）鸭科Anatidae128

A．天鹅属Cygnus Bechstein,1803128

9．大天鹅Cygnus cygnus(Linnaeus)128

10．小天鹅Cygnus columbianus(Ord)130

B．雁属Anser Brisson,1760131

11．鸿雁Anser cygnoides(Linnaeus)131

12．豆雁Anser fabalis(Latham)133

C．麻鸭属Tadorna Fleming,1822135

13．赤麻鸭Tadorna ferruginea(Pallas)135

14．翘鼻麻鸭Tadorna tadorna(Linnaeus)137

D．鸳鸯属Aix Boie,1828138

15．鸳鸯Aix galericulata(Linnaeus)139

E．河鸭属Anas Linnaeus,1758140

16．罗纹鸭Anas falcata Georgi141

17．绿翅鸭Anas crecca Linnaeus142

18．绿头鸭Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus144

19．斑嘴鸭Anas poecilorhyncha Forster146

20．白眉鸭Anas querquedula Linnaeus147

21．琵嘴鸭Anas clypeata Linnaeus148

F．潜鸭属Aythya Boie,1822150

22．红头潜鸭Aythya ferina(Linnaeus)150

23．青头潜鸭Aythya baeri(Radde)152

24．凤头潜鸭Aythya fuligula(Linnaeus)153

五、隼形目Falconiformes154

（六）鹰科Accipitridae155

A．鸢属Milvus Lacepede,1799155

25．黑鸢Milvus migrans(Boddaert)156

B．兀鹫属Gyps Savigny,1809157

26．高山兀鹫Gyps himalayensis Hume158

C．秃鹫属Aegypius Savigny,1809159

27．秃鹫Aegypius monachus(Linnaeus)159

D．鹰属Accipiter Brisson,1760161

28．日本松雀鹰Accipiter gularis(Temminck)161

29．雀鹰Accipiter nisus(Linnaeus)163

30．苍鹰Accipiter gentilis(Linnaeus)165

E．鵟属Buteo Lacépède,1799167

31．普通鵟Buteo buteo(Linnaeus)167

F．鹞属Circus Lacepede,1799169

32．白尾鹞Circus cyaneus(Linnaeus)169

33．鹊鹞Circus melanoleucos(Pennant)171

G．雕属Aquila Brisson,1760172

34．草原雕Aquila nipalensis(Hodgson)172

35．乌雕Aquila clanga Pallas174

（七）隼科Falconidae175

隼属Falco Linnaeus,1758176

36．红隼Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus176

37．红脚隼Falco amurensis Radde178

38．灰背隼Falco columbarius Linnaeus180

39．燕隼Falco subbuteo Linnaeus181

六、鸡形目Galliformes183

（八）松鸡科Tetraonidae183

琴鸡属Lyrurus Swainson,1831184

40．黑琴鸡Lyrurus tetrix(Linnaeus)184

（九）雉科Phasianidae186

A．石鸡属Alectoris Kaup,1829186

41．石鸡Alectoris chukar(J.E.Gray)186

B．山鹑属Perdix Brisson,1760188

42．斑翅山鹑Perdix dauurica(Pallas)188

C．鹌鹑属Coturnix Bonnaterre,1791190

43．鹌鹑Coturnix coturnix(Linnaeus)190

D．雉属Phasianus Linnaeus,1758192

44．环颈雉Phasianus colchicus Linnaeus192

七、鹤形目Gruiformes194

（十）鹤科Gruidae194

A．蓑羽鹤属Anthropoides Vieillot,1816194

45．蓑羽鹤Anthropoides virgo(Linnaeus)195

B．鹤属Grus Brisson,1760196

46．白枕鹤Grus vipio Pallas196

47．灰鹤Grus grus(Linnaeus)198

48．白头鹤Grus monacha Temminck200

（十一）秧鸡科Rallidae201

A．秧鸡属Rallus Linnaeus,1785202

49．普通秧鸡Rallus aquaticus Linnaeus202

B．黑水鸡属Gallinula Brisson,1760203

50．黑水鸡Gallinula chloropus(Linnaeus)204

C．骨顶属Fulica Linnaeus,1758205

51．骨顶鸡Fulica atra Linnaeus205

（十二）鸨科Otididae207

鸨属Otis Linnaeus,1758207

52．大鸨Otis tarda Linnaeus208

八、鸻形目Charadriiformes209

（十三）反嘴鹬科Recurvirostridae210

反嘴鹬属Recurvirostra Linnaeus,1758210

53．反嘴鹬Recurvirostra avosetta Linnaeus210

（十四）鸻科Charadriidae212

A．麦鸡属Vanellus Brisson,1760212

54．凤头麦鸡Vanellus vanellus(Linnaeus)212

55．灰头麦鸡Vanellus cinereus(Blyth)214

B．鸻属Charadrius Linnaeus,1758215

56．剑鸻Charadrius hiaticula Linnaeus216

57．金眶鸻Charadrius dubius Scopoli217

58．环颈鸻Charadrius alexandrinus Linnaeus219

（十五）鹬科Scolopacidae220

A．沙锥属Gallinago Koch,1816221

59．针尾沙锥Gallinago stenura(Bonaparte)221

60．扇尾沙锥Gallinago gallinago(Linnaeus)223

B．杓鹬属Numenius Brisson,1760224

61．白腰杓鹬Numenius arquata(Linnaeus)224

C．鹬属Tringa Linnaeus,1758226

62．红脚鹬Tringa totanus(Linnaeus)227

63．青脚鹬Tringa nebularia(Gunnerus)228

64．白腰草鹬Tringa ochropus Linnaeus229

65．林鹬Tringa glareola Linnaeus231

66．矶鹬Actitis hypoleucos Linnaeus232

D．滨鹬属Calidris Merrem,1804233

67．青脚滨鹬Calidris temminckii(Leisler)234

（十六）鸥科Laridae235

鸥属Larus Linnaeus,1758235

68．西伯利亚银鸥Larus vegae Palmen236

69．红嘴鸥Larus ridibundus Linnaeus237

（十七）燕鸥科Sternidae238

A．燕鸥属Sterna Linnaeus,1758239

70．普通燕鸥Sterna hirundo Linnaeus239

71．白额燕鸥Sterna albifrons(Pallas)241

B．浮鸥属Chlidonias Rafinesque,1822242

72．白翅浮鸥Chlidonias leucoptera(Temminck)243

九、鸽形目Columbiformes244

（十八）鸠鸽科Columbidae244

A．鸽属Columba Linnaeus,1758245

73．岩鸽Columba rupestris Pallas245

B．斑鸠属Streptopelia Bonaparte,1855247

74．山斑鸠Streptopelia orientalis(Latham)247

75．珠颈斑鸠Streptopelia chinensis (Scopoli)249

十、鹃形目Cuculiformes250

（十九）杜鹃科Cuculidae251

杜鹃属Cuculus Linnaeus,1758251

76．四声杜鹃Cuculus micropterus Gould251

77．大杜鹃Cuculus canorus Linnaeus253

78．霍氏中杜鹃Cuculus horsfieldi Moore254

79．小杜鹃Cuculus poliocephalus Latham255

十一、鸮形目Strigiformes257

（二十）鸱鸮科Strigidae257

A．角鸮属Otus Pennant,1769257

80．红角鸮Otus sunia(Linnaeus)258

B．雕鸮属Bubo Dumeril,1806259

81．雕鸮Bubo bubo(Linnaeus)259

C．小鸮属Athene Boie,1822261

82．纵纹腹小鸮Athene noctua(Scopoli)261

D．耳鸮属Asio Brisson,1760263

83．长耳鸮Asio otus(Linnaeus)263

十二、佛法僧目Goraciiformes265

（二十一）翠鸟科Alcedinidae265

A．翠鸟属Alcedo Linnaeus,1758265

84．普通翠鸟Alcedo atthis(Linnaeus)266

B．翡翠属Halcyon Swainson,1820～1821267

85．蓝翡翠Halcyon pileata(Boddaert)267

十三、戴胜目Upupiformes269

（二十二）戴胜科Upupidae269

戴胜属Upupa Linnaeus,1758269

86．戴胜Upupa epops Linnaeus269

十四、形目Piciformes271

（二十三）啄木鸟科Picidae271

A．啄木鸟属Picoides Lacepede,1799271

87．星头啄木鸟Picoides canicapillus(Blyth)272

88．小星头啄木鸟Picoides kizuki(Temminck)273

89．小斑啄木鸟Picoides minor(Linnaeus)275

90．大斑啄木鸟Picoides major(Linnaeus)276

B．绿啄木鸟属Picus Linnaeus,1758278

91．灰头绿啄木鸟Picus canus Gmelin278

十五、雀形目Passeriformes280

（二十四）百灵科Alaudidae281

A．百灵属Melanocorypha Boie,1828282

92．蒙古百灵Melanocorypha mongolica(Pallas)282

B．短趾百灵属Calandrella Kaup,1829284

93．亚洲短趾百灵Calandrella cheleensis(Swinhoe)284

C．凤头百灵属Galerida Boie,1828285

94．凤头百灵Galerida cristata Linnaeus286

D．云雀属Alauda Linnaeus,1758287

95．云雀Alauda arvensis Linnaeus287

（二十五）燕科Hirundinidae289

A．岩燕属Ptyonoprogne Reichonbach,1850289

96．岩燕Ptyonoprogne rupestris(Scopoli)289

B．燕属Hirundo Linnaeus,1758291

97．家燕Hirundo rustica Linnaeus291

98．金腰燕Hirundo daurica Linnaeus293

（二十六）鹡？科Motacillidae294

A．山鹡？属Dendronanthus Blyth,1844295

99．山鹡？Dendronanthus indicus(Gmelin)295

B．鹡？属Motacilla Linnaeus,1758297

100．白鹡？Motacilla alba Linnaeus297

101．黑背白鹡？Motacilla lugens Gloger299

102．黄头鹡？Motacilla citreola Pallas300

103．黄鹡？Motacillaflava Linnaeus302

（1）东北亚种Motacillaflava macronyx(Stresemann)304

（2）堪察加亚种Motacilla flava similllma Hartert304

104．灰鹡？Motacilla cinerea Tunstall305

C．鹨属Anthus Bechstein,1805307

105．田鹨Anthus richardi Vieillot308

106．树鹨Anthus hodgsoni Richmond310

107．红喉鹨Anthus cervinus(Pallas)312

（二十七）太平鸟科Bombycillidae313

太平鸟属Bombycilla Vieillot,1807313

108．太平鸟Bombycilla garrulus(Linnaeus)314

109．小太平鸟Bombycilla japonica(Siebold)316

（二十八）伯劳科Laniidae317

伯劳属Lanius Linnaeus,1758317

110．虎纹伯劳Lanius tigrinus Drapiez318

111．红尾伯劳Lanius cristatus Linnaeus319

112．楔尾伯劳Lanius sphenocercus Cabanis321

（二十九）黄鹂科Oriolidae322

黄鹂属Oriolus Linnaeus,1766323

113．黑枕黄鹂Oriolus chinensis Linnaeus323

（三十）卷尾科Dicruridae325

卷尾属Dicrurus Vieillot,1816325

114．黑卷尾Dicrurus macrocercus Vieillot325

（三十一）椋鸟科Sturnidae327

椋鸟属Sturnus Linnaeus,1758327

115．灰椋鸟Sturnus cineraceus Temminck327

（三十二）鸦科Corvidae329

A．松鸦属Garrulus Brisson,1760330

116．松鸦Garrulus glandarius(Linnaeus)330

B．灰喜鹊属Cyanopica Bonaparte,1850331

117．灰喜鹊Cyanopica cyana(Pallas)332

C．鹊属Pica Brisson,1760333

118．喜鹊Picapica(Linnaeus)333

D．星鸦属Nucifraga Brisson,1760335

119．星鸦Nucifraga caryocatactes(Linnaeus)335

E．山鸦属Pyrrhocorax Tunstall,1771337

120．红嘴山鸦Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax(Linnaeus)337

F．鸦属Corvus Linnaeus,1758338

121．达乌里寒鸦Corvus dauuricus Pallas339

122．秃鼻乌鸦Corvusfrugilegus Linnaeus342

123．小嘴乌鸦Corvus corone Linnaeus344

124．大嘴乌鸦Corvus macrorhynehos Wagler345

125．渡鸦Corvus corax Linnaeus347

（三十三）河乌科Cinclidae349

河乌属Cinclus Borkhausen,1797349

126．褐河乌Cinclus pallasii Temminck349

（三十四）岩鹨科Prunellidae351

岩鹨属Prunella Vieillot,1816351

127．领岩鹨Prunella collaris(Scopoli)351

128．棕眉山岩鹨Prunella montanella(Pallas)353

（三十五）鸫科Turdidae354

A．歌鸲属Luscinia Torster,1817354

129．红喉歌鸲Luscinia calliope(Pallas)355

130．蓝喉歌鸲Luscinia svecicus(Linnaeus)357

131．蓝歌鸲Luscinia cyane(Pallas)358

B．鸲属Tarsiger Hodgson,1844360

132．红胁蓝尾鸲Tarsiger cyanurus(Pallas)360

C．红尾鸲属Phoenicurus Forster,1817362

133．北红尾鸲Phoenicurus auroreus(Pallas)362

134．红腹红尾鸲Phoenicurus erythrogaster(Guldenstadt)364

D．石？属Saxicola Bechstein,1802366

135．黑喉石？Saxicola torquata(Linnaeus)366

E．地鸫属Zoothera Vigors,1832368

136．白眉地鸫Zoothera sibirica(Pallas)368

137．虎斑地鸫Zoothera dauma(Latham)370

F．鸫属Turdus Linnaeus,1758372

138．灰背鸫Turdus hortulorum(Sclater)372

139．赤颈鸫Turdus ruffcollis Pallas373

（三十六）鹟科Muscicapidae375

A．鹟属Muscicapa Brisson,1970375

140．乌鹟Muscicapa sibirica Gmelin375

141．北灰鹟Muscicapa dauurica377

B．姬鹟属Ficedula Brisson,1760379

142．白眉（姬）鹟Ficedula zanthopygia(Hay)379

143．黄眉（姬）鹟Ficedula narcissina(Temminck)381

144．红喉（姬）鹟Ficedula parva(Bechstein)382

（三十七）画眉科Timaliidae384

噪鹛属Garrulax Lesson,1831384

145．山噪鹛Garrulax davidi(Swinhoe)385

（三十八）鸦雀科Paradoxornithidae386

鸦雀属Paradoxornis Gould,1836386

146．棕头鸦雀Paradoxornis webbianus(G.R.Gray)387

147．震旦鸦雀Paradoxornis heudei David388

（三十九）莺科Sylviidae390

A．苇莺属Acrocephalus Naumann,1811390

148．黑眉苇莺Acrocephalus bistrigiceps(Swinhoe)390

149．东方大苇莺Acrocephalus orientalis(Temminck et Schlegel)392

B．柳莺属Phylloscopus Boie,1826393

150．褐柳莺Phylloscopus fuscatus(Blyth)394

151．棕眉柳莺Phylloscopus armandii(Milne-Edwards)395

152．黄腰柳莺Phylloscopus proregulus(Pallas)397

153．黄眉柳莺Phylloscopus inornatus(Blyth)398

（四十）戴菊科Regulidae399

戴菊属Regulus Cuvier,1800400

154．戴菊Regulus regulus(Linnaeus)400

（四十一）长尾山雀科Aegithalidae401

长尾山雀属Aegithalos Hermann,1804401

155．银喉长尾山雀Aepgithalos caudatus (Linnaeus)402

（1）指名亚种Aegithalos caudatus caudatus(Linnaeus)403

（2）华北亚种Aegithalos caudatus vinaceus(Verreaux)403

（四十二）山雀科Paridae404

山雀属Parus Linnaeus,1758404

156．沼泽山雀Parus palustris Linnaeus404

157．褐头山雀Parus songarus Severtzov406

158．煤山雀Parus ater Linnaeus407

159．大山雀Parus major linnaeus408

（四十）？科Sittidae410

？属Sitta Linnaeus,1758410

160．普通？Sitta europaea Linnaeus411

161．黑头？Sitta villosa Verreaux412

（四十四）雀科Passeridae414

麻雀属Passer Brisson,1760414

162．（树）麻雀Passer montanus(Linnaeus)414

（四十五）燕雀科Fringillidae416

A．燕雀属Fringilla Linnaeus,1758417

163．燕雀Fringilla montifringilla Linnaeus417

B．岭雀属Leucostticte Swainson,1832419

164．粉红腹岭雀Leucosticte arctoa(Pallas)419

C．朱雀属Carpodacus Kaup,1829421

165．红眉朱雀Carpodacus pulcherrimus(Moore)421

166．［普通］朱雀Carpodacus erythrinus(Pallas)423

167．北朱雀Carpodacus roseus (Pallas)425

D．交嘴雀属Loxia Linnaeus,1758426

168．红交嘴雀Loxia curvirostra Linnaeus426

E．金翅［雀］属Carduelis Brisson,1760428

169．白腰朱顶雀Carduelis flammea (Linnaeus)428

170．黄雀Carduelis spinus Linnaeus430

171．金翅雀Carduelis sinica Linnaeus432

F．灰雀属Pyrrhula Brisson,1760434

172．灰腹灰雀Pyrrhula griseiventris Lafresnare434

G．锡嘴雀属Coccothraustes Brisson,1760435

173．锡嘴雀Coccothraustes coccothraustes (Linnaeus)435

H．蜡嘴雀属Eophona Gould,1851437

174．黑头蜡嘴雀Eophona personata(Temminck et Schlegel)438

175．黑尾蜡嘴雀Eophona migratoria Hartert439

I．长尾雀属Uragus Keyserling et Blasius,1840441

176．长尾雀Uragus sibiricus (Palias)441

（四十六）？科Emberizidae443

A．？属Emberiza Linnaeus443

177．灰眉岩？Emberiza godlewskii Sushkin444

178．三道眉草？Emberiza cioides Brandt446

179．白眉？Emberiza tristrami Swinhoe448

180．栗耳？Emberiza fucata Pallas449

181．小？Emberiza pusilla Pallas451

182．黄眉？Emberiza chrysophrys Pallas452

183．田？Emberiza rustica Pallas453

184．黄喉？Emberiza elegans Temminck455

185．黄胸？Emberiza aureola Pallas457

186．栗？Emberiza rutila Pallas458

187．灰头？Emberiza spodocephala Pallas460

188．苇？Emberiza pallasi Cabanis461

189．芦？Emberiza schoeniclus(Linnaeus)463

B．铁爪？属Calcarius Bechstein,1802464

190．铁爪？Calcarius lapponicus Linnaeus464

哺乳纲MAMMALIA466

哺乳动物分类常用名词术语466

一、食虫目Eulipotyphla470

（一）猬科Erinaceidae471

刺猬属Erinaceus Linnaeus,1758471

1．东北刺猬Erinaceus amurensis Linnaeus,1758471

二、翼手目Chiroptera474

（二）蝙蝠科Vespertilionidae475

A．伏翼属Pipistrellus Kaup,1829475

2．东亚伏翼Pipistrellus abramus(Temminck,1835)475

B．蝙蝠属Vespertilio Linnaeus,1758478

3．东方蝙蝠Vespertilio superans(Thomas,1899)478

三、兔形目Lagomorpha480

（三）兔科Leporidae480

兔属Lepus Linnaeus,1758481

4．草兔Lepus capensis Linnaeus,1758481

四、啮齿目Rodentia484

（四）松鼠科Sciuridae485

松鼠亚科Sciuridae485

A．花鼠属Tamias Illger,1811485

5．花鼠Tamias sibiricus(Laxmann,1769)485

B．黄鼠属Spermophilus F.Cuvire,1825488

6．达乌尔黄鼠Spermophilus dauricus Brandt,1844488

（五）鼠科Muridae492

A．姬鼠属Apodemus Kaup,1829493

7．大林姬鼠Apodemus peninsulae(Thomas,1906)493

8．黑线姬鼠Apodemus agrarius(Pallas,1771)496

B．家鼠属Rattus Fischer,1803498

9．褐家鼠Rattus norvegicus(Berkenhout,1769)498

C．小鼠属Mus Linnaeus,1758501

10．小家鼠Mus musculus Linnaeus,1758501

（六）仓鼠科Cricetidae504

仓鼠亚科Cricetinae504

A．仓鼠属Cricetulus Milne-Edwards,1867505

11．中国仓鼠Cricetulus griseus Milne-Edwards,1867505

12．长尾仓鼠Cricetulus longicaudatus(Milne-Edwards,1867)508

B．大仓鼠属Tscherskia Ognev,1914510

13．大仓鼠Tscherskia triton(Winton,1899)510

？亚科Arvicolinae513

C．？属Myodes Tilesius,1850513

14．棕背？Myodes rufocanus(Sundevall,1846)513

D．田鼠属Microtus Schrank,1798516

15．莫氏田鼠Microtus maximomiczii(Schrenck,1859)517

16．布氏田鼠Microtus brandtiRadde,1861520

17．棕色田鼠Microtus mandarinus(Milne-Edwards,1871)522

18．狭颅田鼠Microtus gregalis(Pallas,1778)525

沙鼠亚科Gerbillinae527

E．沙鼠属Meriones Illiger,1811528

19．长爪沙鼠Meriones unguiculatus(Milne-Edwards,1867)528

（七）鼹形鼠科Spalacidae531

鼢鼠属Myospalax Laxmann,1769531

20．草原鼢鼠Myospalax aspalax(Pallas,1776)531

21．东北鼢鼠Myospalax psilurus(Milne-Edwards,1874)533

（八）跳鼠科Dipodidae536

五趾跳鼠属Allactaga Cuvier,1836536

22．五趾跳鼠Allactaga sibirica(Forster,1778)537

五、食肉目Carnivora539

（九）犬科Canidae540

A．犬属Canis Linnaeus,1758541

23．狼Canis lupus Linnaeus,1758541

B．狐属Vulpes Oken,1816544

24．赤狐Vulpes vulpes Linnaeus,1758544

C．貉属Nyctereutes Temminck,1839547

25．貉Nyctereutes procyonoides Gray,1834547

（十）鼬科Mustelidae550

A．鼬属Mustela Linnaeus,1758551

26．黄鼬Mustela sibirica Pallas,1773551

27．艾鼬Mustela eversmanni Lesson,1827554

B．狗獾属Meles Brisson,1762556

28．狗獾Meles meles(Linnaeus,1758)557

C．猪獾属Arctonyx F.Cuvier,1825560

29．猪獾Arctonyx collaris F.Cuvier,1825560

（十一）猫科Felidae563

A．兔狲属Otocolobus Brand,1481564

30．兔狲Otocolobus manul Pallas,1776564

B．豹猫属Prionailurus Severtzov,1858566

31．豹猫Prionailurus bengalensis Kerr,1792567

C．猞猁属Lynx Kerr,1792569

32．猞猁Lynx lynx(Linnaeus,1758)570

六、偶蹄目Artiodactyla572

（十二）猪科Suidae573

野猪属Sus Linnaeus,1758573

33．野猪Sus scrofa Linnaeus,1758573

（十三）鹿科Cervidae576

A．鹿属Cervus Linnaeus,1758577

34．马鹿Cervus elaphus Linnaeus,1758577

B．狍属Capreolus Gray,1821580

35．狍Capreolus pygargus Pallas,1771580

（十四）牛科Bovidae583

A．原羚属Procapra Hodgson,1846584

36．黄羊Procapra gutturosa(Pallas,1777)584

B．斑羚属Naemorhedus H.Smith,1827587

37．斑羚Naemorhedus caudatus Milne-Edwards,1867587

参考文献591

中名索引599

学名索引608