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第一章　中国笔石研究简史&李积金1

第二章 中国笔石带的划分及其与国外对比&李积金 倪寓南3

第一节　下泥盆统笔石带的划分3

第二节　志留系笔石带的划分3

第三节　奥陶系笔石带的划分8

第三章 中国奥陶纪地层分区及岩相生物相特征&穆恩之 李积金15

第一节　华北区15

第二节　华中区15

第三节　江南区17

第四节　华南区18

第五节　藏滇区20

第六节　西北区20

第七节　北方区22

第四章 中国奥陶纪笔石动物群类型及生物地理分区&穆恩之 李积金24

第五章　笔石的演化和分类&李积金　林尧坤 葛梅钰26

第一节　正笔石式树形笔石的演化和分类&林尧坤26

第二节　正笔石的演化和分类&李积金　葛梅钰28

第六章 系统描述&林尧坤 葛梅钰 李积金　倪寓南33

第一节　树形笔石目Dendroidea Nicholson,1872,emend.Bulman,1938&林尧坤33

树形笔石亚目Dendroidina Nicholson,187233

树笔石科Dendrograptidae Roemerin Frech,189733

树笔石亚科Dendrograptinae Roemerin Frech,1897,emend.Mu,195333

树笔石属Dendrograptus Hall,185833

羽笔石属Ptilograptus Hll,186548

无羽笔石亚科Callograptinae Mu,195352

持握笔石属Airograptus Ruedemann,1916,emend.Mu,195552

无羽笔石属Callograptus Hall,186554

盾笔石属Aspidograptus Bulman,193470

绞结笔石属Desmograptus Hopkinson,187571

群扇笔石属Syrrhipidograptus Poulsen,192472

网格笔石亚科Dictyoneminae Mu,195373

网格笔石属Dictyonema Hall,185173

异笔石属Heterograptus Zhao and Zhang in Lin,198696

辐射笔石属Radiograptus(Lapworth MS.)Bulman,195098

刺笔石科Acanthograptidae Bulman,193899

刺笔石属Acanthograptus Spencer,187899

帚笔石属Koremagraptus Bulman,1927103

芽笔石属Thallograptus Ruedemann,1925103

毛茎笔石科Inocaulidae Ruedemann,1947105

毛茎笔石属Inocaulis Hall,1852105

毛发笔石属Medusaegraptus Ruedemann,1925106

湖南笔石属Hunanodendrum Mu et al.,1974109

罗网笔石科Nephelograptidae Bou？ek,1957110

罗网笔石属Nephelograptus Ruedemann,1947110

荆棘笔石属Cactograptus Ruedemann,1908111

正笔石式树形笔石亚目Graptodendroidina Mu and Lin,1981112

反称笔石科Anisograptidae Bulman,1950,emend.Mu,1974114

十字笔石亚科Staurograptinae Mu,1974114

十字笔石属Staurograptus Emmons,1855114

磨棍笔石属Aletograptus Obut and Sobolevskaya,1962120

反称笔石亚科Anisograptinae Bulman,1950121

反称笔石属Anisograptus Ruedemann,1937121

苔藓笔石属Bryograptus Lapworth,1880129

三笔石属Triograptus Monsen,1925134

匿笔石亚科Adelograptinae Mu,1974135

匿笔石属Adelograptus Bulman,1941135

枝笔石属Clonograptus Hall and Nicholson,1873142

开氏笔石属Kiaerograptus Spjeldnaes,1963154

穆恩之笔石科Muenzhigraptidae Zhao and Zhang,1985157

穆恩之笔石属Muenzhigraptus Zhao and Zhang,1985158

浑江笔石属Hunjiangograptus Zhao and Zhang,1985160

双型笔石属Diphygraptus Zhao and Zhang,1985160

戟笔石科Psigraptidae Lin,1981,emend.Zhao and Zhang,1985161

全戟笔石属Holopsigraptus Zhao and Zhang,1985162

育空笔石属Yukonograptus Lin,1981,emend.Zhao and Zhang,1985163

戟笔石属Psigraptus Jackson,1967,emend.Lin,1981164

第二节　管笔石目Tuboidea Kozlowski,1938&林尧坤166

管树笔石科Tubidendridae Kozlowski,1949166

交织笔石属Reticulograptus Wiman,1901(=Multitubus Skevington,1963)emend.Bulman and Rickards,1966166

奇管笔石科Idiotubidae Kozlowski,1949168

树管笔石属Dendrotubus Kozlowski,1949168

盔笔石属Galeograptus Wiman,1901169

第三节 目科分类位置未定Taxonomic position uncertain of order and family&林尧坤170

柔弱笔石属Chaunograptus Hall,1879170

简单笔石属Haplograptus Ruedemann,1933171

西伯利亚笔石属Siberiograptus Obut,1963172

缠绕笔石属Strophograptus Ruedemann,1904173

第四节　正笔石目Graptoloidea Lapworth,1875&葛梅钰　李积金　倪寓南174

对笔石亚目Didymograptina Lapworth,1880&葛梅钰 李积金174

对笔石超科Didymograptacea Mu,1950,emend.herein&葛梅钰174

四笔石科Tetragraptidae Mu,1950,emend.herein175

四笔石亚科Tetragraptinae Mu,1950,emend.herein175

四笔石属Tetragraptus Salter,1863176

假四笔石属Pseudotetragraptus Hsü and Chao,1976,emend.herein196

稀奇笔石属Perissograptus Williams and Stevens,1988198

下垂笔石属Pendeograptus Bou？ek and Pribyl,1951199

裂隙笔石亚科（新亚科）Schizograptinae Ge(subfam.nov.)201

裂隙笔石属Schizograptus Nicholson,1876(=Trochograptus Holm,1881)202

全笔石属Holograptus Holm,1881204

均分笔石亚科Dichograptinae Lapworth,1873,emend.herein204

均分笔石属Dichograptus Salter,1863,emend.herein205

劳氏笔石属Loganograptus Hall,1868211

直均分笔石属Orthodichograptus Thomas,1972214

三叉笔石属Tridensigraptus Zhao,1964,emend.herein216

假均分笔石属Pseudodichograptus Chu,1965,emend.herein217

假劳氏笔石属Pseudologanograptus Hsü and Chao,1976218

棱笔石亚科Goniograptinae Yu and Fang,1979219

棱笔石属Goniograptus M'Coy,1876219

？前棱笔石属？Praegoniograptus Rickards and Chapman,1991223

腕笔石属Brachiograptus Harris and Keble,1932224

江南笔石属Jiangnanograptus Xiao and H.Y.Chen,1990,emend.herein225

肯乃笔石科Kinnegraptidae Mu,1974226

肯乃笔石属Kinnegraptus Skoglund,1961227

武宁笔石属Wuninograptus Ni,1981227

对笔石科Didymograptidae Mu,1950,emend.herein228

对笔石亚科Didymograptinae Mu,1950,emend.herein229

对笔石属Didymograptus M'Coy,1851229

笛笔石属Aulograptus Skevington,1965311

拟笛笔石属Paraulograptus Bou？ek,1973312

侯氏笔石属Holmograptus Kozlowski,1954313

反常笔石属Atopograptus Harris,1926314

奇笔石属Allograptus Mu,1957,emend.herein315

拟态笔石亚科（新亚科）Mimograptinae Ge(subfam.nov.)316

拟态笔石属Mimograptus Harris and Thomas,1940(=Taishano-graptus Li and Ge,1987=Kstaugraptus Tsaj,1973)316

头发笔石属Trichograptus Nicholson,1876318

垂柳笔石属Pendeosalicograptus Jiao,1981319

联笔石亚科（新亚科）Zygograptinae Ge(subfam.nov.)321

联笔石属Zygograptus Harris and Thomas,1941(=Laxograptus Cooper and Fortey,1982)321

翼笔石亚科Pterograptinae Mu,1950,emend.herein323

翼笔石属Pterograptus Holm,1881,emend.herein(=Pseudo-bryograptus Mu,1957)324

弯笔石属Sigmagraptus Ruedemann,1904,emend.Cooper and Fortey,1982(=Hemigoniograptus Jin and Wang,1977)329

玉山笔石属Yushanograptus Chen,Sun and Han,1964330

宁夏笔石科（新科）Ningxiagraptidae Ge(fam.nov.)331

宁夏笔石属（新属）Ningxiagraptus Ge(gen.nov.)331

对向笔石属Janograptus Tullberg,1880333

假对向笔石属Pseudojanograptus Hsü and Chao,1976,emend.herein337

拟对笔石科Paradidymograptidae Wang,1975,emend.herein338

拟对笔石属Paradidymograptus Mu,Geh and J.X.Yin,1962338

中国笔石科Sinograptidae Mu,1957340

中国笔石属Sinograptus Mu,1957341

瘤笔石属Tylograptus Mu,1957342

断笔石科Azygograptidae Mu,1950347

断笔石属Azygograptus Nicholson and Lapworth,1875347

吉首笔石属Jishougraptus Ge,1988351

尼氏笔石属Nicholsonograptus Bou？ek and Pribyl,1951,emend.herein352

假断笔石属Pseudazygograptus Mu,Lee and Geh,1960355

中国断笔石属Sinazygograptus Wang and Wu,1977358

等称笔石科Isograptidae Harris,1933359

等称笔石属Isograptus Moberg,1892359

柯坪笔石科Kalpinograptidae Qiao,1977,emend.herein368

柯坪笔石属Kalpinograptus Qiao,1977(=Apoglossograptus Finney,1978)369

假等称笔石属Pseudisograptus Beavis,1972371

曲笔石属Maeandrograptus Moberg,1892379

娇笔石科Abrograptidae Mu,1958380

娇笔石属Abrograptus Mu,1958380

双线笔石属Dinemagraptus Kozlowski,1951381

拟娇笔石属Parabrograptus Mu and Qiao,1962382

原娇笔石属Protabrograptus Ni,1981,emend.herein383

丝笔石科Nemagraptidae Lapworth,1873(ex Hopkinson MS.)383

纤笔石亚科Leptograptinae Mu,1950383

纤笔石属Leptograptus Lapworth,1873383

丝笔石亚科Nemagraptinae Lapworth,1873390

丝笔石属Nemagraptus Emmons,1855390

偶笔石属Amphigraptus Lapworth,1873397

孪笔石属Syndyograptus Ruedemann,1908398

肋笔石属Pleurograptus Nicholson,1867399

双头笔石科Dicranograptidae Lapworth,1873401

双头笔石亚科Dicranograptinae Lapworth,1873401

双头笔石属Dicranograptus Hall,1865(=Neodicellograptus Mu and Wang,1977)401

叉笔石亚科（新亚科）Dicellograptinae Ge(subfam.nov.)412

叉笔石属Dicellograptus Hopkinson,1871412

双角笔石属Diceratograptus Mu,1963432

江西笔石属Jiangxigraptus Yu and Fang,1966,emend.herein434

棠垭笔石亚科Tangyagraptinae Mu,1963436

棠垭笔石属Tangyagraptus Mu,1963436

斜靠笔石科（新科）Incumbograptidae Ge(fam.nov.)437

斜靠笔石属（新属）Incumbograptus Ge(gen.nov.)437

隐蔽笔石属（新属）Aclistograptus Ge(gen.nov.)439

偏斜笔石属（新属）Deflexigraptus Ge(gen.nov.)443

科分类位置未定Taxonomic position uncertain of family444

江山笔石属Jiangshanites Mu and Qiao,1962444

切笔石属Temnograptus Nicholson,1876445

灌木笔石属Thamnograptus Hall,1859446

舌笔石超科Glossograptacea Lapworth,1873&李积金　葛梅钰447

叶笔石科Phyllograptidae Lapworth,1873&李积金447

叶笔石属Phyllograptus Hall,1858447

假叶笔石属Pseudophyllograptus Cooper and Fortey,1982455

假三角笔石属Pseudotrigonograptus Mu and Lee,1958(=Trigono-graptus Nicholson,1869=Tristichograptus Jackson and Bulman,1970)457

心笔石科Cardiograptidae Mu and Zhang,1966459

原肿笔石属Proncograptus Xiao,Xia and Wang,1985459

肿笔石属Oncograptus T.S.Hall,1914460

原心笔石属Procardiograptus Xiao,Xia and Wang,1985462

心笔石属Cardiograptus Harris and Keble in Harris,1916462

拟心笔石属Paracardiograptus Mu and Lee,1958466

舌笔石科Glossograptidae Lapworth,1873467

梨笔石属Apiograptus Cooper and McLaurin,1974467

伯格斯特龙笔石属Bergstroemograptus Finney and Chen,1984468

影笔石属Skiagraptus Harris,1933469

隐笔石属Cryptograptus Lapworth,1880470

棒笔石属Corynoides Nicholson,1867&葛梅钰475

舌笔石属Glossograptus Emmons,1855&李积金478

拟舌笔石属Paraglossograptus Mu in Hsü,1959488

鱼叉笔石属Lonchograptus Tullberg,1880491

双笔石亚目Diplograptina Lapworth,1880,emend.Bulman,1970&李积金　倪寓南 葛梅钰491

双笔石超科Diplograptacea Lapworth,1873&李积金491

双笔石科Diplograptidae Lapworth,1873491

双笔石亚科Diplograptinae Lapworth,1873491

双笔石属Diplograptus M'Coy,1850(=Mesograptus Elles and Wood,1907)492

围笔石属Amplexograptus Elles and Wood,1907525

假围笔石属Pseudamplexograptus Mitchell,1987536

膝笔石属Geniculograptus Mitchell,1987537

始雕笔石亚科Eoglyptograptinae Mitchell,1987540

始雕笔石属Eoglyptograptus Mitchell,1987541

鄂西笔石属Exigraptus Mu in Mu et al.,1979542

波曲笔石属Undulograptus Bou？ek,1973544

雕笔石亚科Glyptograptinae Mitchell,1987550

雕笔石属Glyptograptus Lapworth,1873550

斜栅笔石属Clinoclimacograptus Bulman and Rickards,1968590

次栅笔石属Metaclimacograptus Bulman and Rickards,1986590

直笔石亚科Orthograptinae Mitchell,1987594

直笔石属Orthograptus Lapworth,1873594

赫斯特德笔石属Hustedograptus Mitchell,1987616

栅笔石亚科Climacograptinae Frech,1897,emend.Mitchell,1987619

栅笔石属Climacograptus Hall,1865620

刀笔石属Ensigraptus Riva and Ketner,1989666

良栅笔石属Euclimacograptus Riva,1989667

附刺笔石属Appendispinograptus Li and Li,1985668

双茎笔石属Dicaulograptus Rickards and Bulman,1965,emend.Finney,1985676

纤胞笔石属（新属）Leptothecalograptus Li(gen.nov.)677

假栅笔石属Pseudoclimacograptus Pribyl,1941679

正常笔石亚科Normalograptinae Storch and Serpagli,1993693

正常笔石属Normalograptus Legrand,1987(=Scalarigraptus Riva,1988),emend.Storch and Serpagli,1993693

新双笔石属Neodiplograptus Legrand,1987707

花瓣笔石亚科Petalolithinae Bulman,1955,emend.Li,1984709

前直管笔石属Prorectograptus Li,1994710

直管笔石属Rectograptus Pribyl,1949,emend.Li,1982710

拟直笔石属Paraorthograptus Mu in Mu et al.,1974728

花瓣笔石属Petalolithus Suess,185l737

头笔石属Cephalograptus Hopkinson,1869753

宋溪笔石属Songxigraptus Fang et al.,1990754

尖笔石科Akidograptidae Li and Ge,1981755

尖笔石属Akidograptus Davies,1929755

拟尖笔石属Parakidograptus Li and Ge,1981760

两形笔石科Dimorphograptidae Elles and Wood,1908766

两形笔石属Dimorphograptus Lapworth,1876766

布氏笔石属Bulmanograptus Pribyl,1948770

针笔石属Rhaphidograptus Bulman,1936775

毛笔石科Lasiograptidae Lapworth,1879777

古毛笔石属Prolasiograptus Lee,1963777

毛笔石属Lasiograptus Lapworth,1873781

裸笔石属Gymnograptus Bulman(ex Tullberg MS.),1953782

赫氏笔石属Hallograptus Lapworth,1876783

脉笔石属Neurograptus Lapworth,1875783

神笔石属Nymphograptus Elles and Wood,1908784

罟笔石科Reteograptidae Mu,1974784

罟笔石属Reteograptus Hall,1859785

拟罟笔石属Pararetiograptus Mu,1974787

假罟笔石属Pseudoreteograptus Mu,1993789

直罟笔石属Orthoretiograptus Mu in Wang et al.,1977790

中华罟笔石属Sinoretiograptus Mu,1974791

细网笔石科Retiolitidae Lapworth,1873791

细网笔石亚科Retiolitinae Lapworth,1873791

细网笔石属Retiolites Barrande,1850791

假细网笔石属Pseudoretiolites Bou？ek and Münch,1943793

假绞笔石属Pseudoplegmatograptus Pribyl,1948795

四川笔石属Sichuanograptus Zhao in Ye,1978799

孔笔石属Stomatograptus Tullberg,1883799

中华孔笔石属Sinostomatograptus Huo,1957803

大巴山笔石亚科Dabashanograptinae Ge,1990803

大巴山笔石属Dabashanograptus Ge,1990803

古网笔石亚科Archiretiolitinae Bulman,1955,emend.Mu,1974804

古网笔石属Archiretiolites Eisenack,1935804

蛛网笔石属Arachniograptus Ross and Berry,1963805

直网笔石属Orthoretiolites Whittington,1954806

绞笔石属Plegmatograptus Elles and Wood,1908806

拟绞笔石属Paraplegmatograptus Mu,1963808

孙氏笔石属Sunigraptus Mu in Mu et al.,1993812

尹氏笔石属Yinograptus Mu in Mu and Chen,1962812

扬子笔石属Yangzigraptus Mu in Yang et al.,1983814

辫笔石亚科Plectograptinae Bou？ek and Münch,1952&倪寓南815

辫笔石属Plectograptus Moberg and T？rnquist,1909815

单笔石超科Monograptacea Lapworth,1873&李积金　倪寓南　葛梅钰816

单笔石科Monograptidae Lapworth,1873816

原始笔石属Atavograptus Rickards,1974816

锯笔石属Pristiograptus Jaekel,1889,emend.Frech,1897&李积金　倪寓南817

波希米亚笔石属Bohemograptus Pribyl,1967&倪寓南836

口刺笔石属Saetograptus Pribyl,1942836

空腹笔石属Lagarograptus Obut and Sobolevskaya in Obut,837

Sobolevskaya and Merkureva,1968,emend.Rickards,Hutt and Berry,1977&李积金837

普利贝笔石属Pribylograptus Obut and Sobolevskaya,1966,emend.Rickards and Rushton,1968838

普纳笔石属Pernerograptus Pribyl,1941841

单笔石属Monograptus Geinitzi,1852&李积金　倪寓南847

新单笔石属Neomonograptus Mu and Ni,1975&倪寓南870

卷笔石属Streptograptus Yin,1937,emend.Loydell,1990&李积金871

裂片笔石属Lobograptus Urbanek,1958&倪寓南884

湖北笔石属Hubeigraptus Li,1995&李积金884

单栅笔石属Monoclimacis Frech,1897887

奥氏笔石属Oktavites Levina,1928(=Obutograptus Mu,1955)899

螺旋笔石属Spirograptus Gurich,1908(=Tyrsograptus Obut,1949)912

半耙笔石属Demirastrites Eisel,1912913

耙笔石属Rastrites Barrande,1850919

弓笔石科Cyrtograptidae Averianow,1929,emend.Bou？ek,1931&葛梅钰930

弓笔石亚科Cyrtograptinae Averianow,1929,emend.Bou？ek,1931930

弓笔石属Cyrtograptus Carruthers,1867(=Averianowograptus Obut,1949,Damosiograptus Obut,1950;Lapworthograptus Bou？ek and Pribyl,1952;Uralograptus Koren,1962;Kurga-nakograptus Golikov,1969）930

巴氏笔石属Barrandeograptus Bou？ek,1933939

拟肋笔石属Pleurograptoides Averianow,1931940

线痕笔石亚科Linograptinae Obut,1957941

反向笔石属Diversograptus Manck,1923(=Sinodiversograptus Mu and Chen,1962)941

新反向笔石属Neodiversograptus Urbanek,1963&倪寓南944

第七章 中国含笔石地层的对比&李积金 林尧坤 倪寓南945

第八章 中国笔石的地层分布&李积金 林尧坤 葛梅钰 倪寓南949

参考文献1015

属种学名索引1043

图版说明及图版（1—256）1072