INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND HUMANITARIAN LAW TREATIES CASES AND ANALYSISPDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本下载

INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND HUMANITARIAN LAW TREATIES CASES AND ANALYSISPDF格式电子书版下载

注意：本站所有压缩包均有解压码： 点击下载压缩包解压工具

1. AN OVERVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND HUMANITARIAN LAW DEVELOPMENT AND THEIR PROTECTION MECHANISMS1

1.1. The Historical and Conceptual Development of International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law1

1.2. Overview of International Protection Mechanisms: History,Organization,and Operations6

1.2.1. United Nations Mechanisms6

1.2.1.1. UN Treaty-Based Tribunals7

International Criminal Court8

Human Rights Committee8

Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination10

Committee Against Torture10

Committee to Eliminate Discrimination Against Women11

Committee on Economic,Social,and Cultural Rights11

1.2.1.2. UN Charter-Based Tribunals and Other Mechanisms11

International Court of Justice11

International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda11

UN High Commissioner for Human Rights12

Procedure under ECOSOC Resolution No.150312

Philip Alston,The Commission on Human Rights in Alston (ed.) THE UNITED NATIONS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: A CRITICAL APPRAISAL 126 (1992)13

Procedure under ECOSOC Resolution No.123514

Thematic and Country Mechanisms15

International Labour Organisation15

UN High Commissioner for Refugees16

1.2.2. Regional Tribunals16

European Court of Human Rights16

Inter-American Commission and Court of Human Rights17

African Commission and Court of Human and Peoples' Rights19

Caribbean Court of Justice19

1.2.3. Other Tribunals20

Human Rights Commission for Bosnia and Herzegovina20

Hybrid National-International,Criminal Tribunals20

2. FORMAL SOURCES AND PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND HUMANITARIAN LAW22

2.1. Formal Sources22

ICJ Statute,art.3822

IAN BROWNLIE,PRINCIPLES OF PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW 3,4 (4th ed.1990)23

2.1.1. Treaties23

Reservations25

U.S.Reservations,Declarations,and Understandings to the ICCPR (1992)26

Questions & Comments28

2.1.2. Customary International Law28

IAN BROWNLIE,PRINCIPLES OF PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW 5-7,10 (4th ed.1990)29

Questions & Comments30

2.1.3. Jus Cogens31

Francisco Forrest Martin,Delineating a Hierarchical Outline of International Law Sources and Norms,65 SASK.L.REV.333 (2002)31

Aloeboetoe et al.v.Suriname,Inter-Am.Ct.H.R.(1993)39

Questions & Comments40

Advisory Opinion,Judicial Guarantees in States of Emergency,Inter-Am.Ct.H.R.(1987)40

2.2. Principles of Interpretation46

Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties,arts.31 and 3246

Hague Convention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land,Martens Clause47

ICC Statute,art.2147

Advisory Opinion,"Other Treaties" Subject to the Consultative Jurisdiction of the Court (Art.64 of the American Convention on Human Rights),Inter-Am.Ct.H.R.(1982)48

Questions & Comments54

Paul Mahoney,Judicial Activism and Judicial Self-Restraint in the European Court of Human Rights,11 HUM.RTS.L.J.57 (1990)54

Laurence R.Heifer,Consensus,Coherence and the European Convention on Human Rights,26 CORNELL INT'L L.J.133 (1993)56

Questions & Comments68

2.3. Principles of Liability71

Dinah L.Shelton,Private Violence,Public Wrongs,and the Responsibility of States,13 FORDHAM INT'L L.J.1 (1990)71

Questions & Comments74

2.3.1. State Liability75

Instruments81

Velasquez Rodriguez v.Honduras,Inter-Am.Ct.H.R.(1988)81

Questions & Comments86

Francisco Forrest Martin,"U.S.Opposition to the International Criminal Court:What Now?" 1 Accountability 2-8 (2002)90

Questions & Comments96

X.and Y.v.The Netherlands,Eur.Ct.H.R.(1985)96

Questions & Comments99

ANDREW CLAPHAM,HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE PRIVATE SPHERE 93-104 (1993)100

Questions & Comments102

2.3.2. Individual Liability: State and Non-State Actors103

Instruments110

Superior Responsibility110

Memorial Amicus Curiae submitted by Rights International,Benavides Cevallos v.Ecuador,Inter-Am.Ct.H.R.(1998)110

Questions & Comments114

Prosecutor v.Kayishema & Ruzindana,ICTR (2001)115

Questions & Comments121

2.3.3. Conspiracy and Corporate Responsibility122

Judgment for the Trial of German Major War Criminals,International Military Tribunal (1946)122

Questions & Comments131

Steven R.Ratner,Corporations and Human Rights: A Theory of Legal Responsibility,111 YALE L.J.443 (2001)132

2.3.4. Defenses147

Statute of the International Criminal Court,Articles 31 and 33147

State and Official Immunity148

Al-Adsani v.United Kingdom,Eur.Ct.H.R.(2001)148

Questions & Comments159

Democratic Republic of Congo v.Belgium,ICJ (2002)159

Questions & Comments163

Combat Immunity164

Geneva Convention (III) Relative to the Protection of Prisoners of War164

Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949,and Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I)165

Questions & Comments168

Superior Orders,Coercion,and Duress168

In re Ohlendorf and Others (Einsatzgruppen Trial),IMT (1948)168

Questions & Comments171

Other Viable and Non-Viable Defenses171

3. INCORPORATION OF INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND HUMANITARIAN LAW IN U.S.LAW&U.S.Constitution175

3.1. Construction Rules175

3.1.1. Constitutional Construction175

3.1.1.1. Mandatory International Legal Construction Rule176

Francisco Forrest Martin,Our Constitution as Federal Treaty:A New Theory of United States Constitutional Construction Based on an Originalist Understanding for Addressing a New World,31 HASTINGS CONST.L.QUART.258 (2004)176

Questions & Comments189

3.1.1.2. Persuasive Authority Rule189

Lawrence v.Texas,539 U.S.558 (2003)189

Questions & Comments191

3.1.2. Federal and State Statutory Construction191

3.1.2.1. Federal Mandatory Rule:The Charming Betsy and Rossi Rules191

Weinberger v.Rossi,456 U.S.25 (1982)191

Questions & Comments192

Curtis A.Bradley,The Charming Betsy Canon and Separation of Powers:Rethinking the Interpretive Role of International Law,86 GEO.L.J.479,495-533 (1998)192

Questions & Comments203

3.1.2.2. Persuasive Authority Rule203

Laurence R.Heifer and Alice M.Miller,Sexual Orientation and Human Rights:Toward a United States and Transnational Jurisprudence,9 HARV.HUM.RTS.J.61 (1996)203

Questions & Comments205

3.2. Conflict Rules205

3.2.1. Treaties and Federal Statutes:The Last-in-Time Rule205

Chae Chan Ping v.United States (The Chinese Exclusion Case),130 U.S.581 (1889)205

Questions & Comments212

Francisco Forrest Martin,Our Constitution as Federal Treaty:A New Theory of United States Constitutional Construction Based on an Originalist Understanding for Addressing a New World,31 HASTINGS CONST.L.QUART.258 (2004)212

3.2.2. Customary International Law and Other Federal Law:The Garcia-Mir Rule216

Garcia-Mir v.Meese,788 F.2d 1446 (11th Cir.1986)217

Questions & Comments219

Francisco Forrest Martin,Our Constitution as Federal Treaty:A New Theory of United States Constitutional Construction Based on an Originalist Understanding for Addressing a New World,31 HASTINGS CONST.L.QUART.258 (2004)219

3.3. Self-Execution Doctrine220

3.3.1. Treaties220

FRANCISCO FORREST MARTIN,CHALLENGING HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS:USING INTERNATIONAL LAW IN U.S.COURTS (2001)221

Questions & Comments235

John C.Yoo,Globalism and the Constitution:Treaties,Non-Self-Execution,and the Original Understanding,99 COLUM.L.REV.1955(1999)236

Questions & Comments239

John C.Yoo,Rejoinder,Treaties and Public Lawmaking:A Textual and Structural Defense of Non-Self-Execution,99 COLUM.L.REV.2218,2233 et passim (1999)240

Questions & Comments244

Francisco Forrest Martin,Our Constitution as Federal Treaty:A New Theory of United States Constitutional Construction Based on an Originalist Understanding for Addressing a New World,31 HASTINGS CONST.L.QUART.258 (2004)246

3.3.2. Customary International Law254

Sosa v.Alvarez-Machain,124 S.Ct.2739 (2004)254

Questions & Comments267

4. INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS TRIBUNAL PROCEDURE AND REMEDIES270

4.1. Jurisdiction270

Advisory Opinion,Interpretation of the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man within the Framework of Article 64 of the American Convention on Human Rights,Inter-Am.Ct.H.R.(1989)271

Bankovic and Others v.Belgium and Others,Eur.Ct.H.R.(2001)276

Francisco Forrest Martin,The International Human Rights Aspects of the Forum Non Conveniens Doctrine,35 U.MIAMI INTER-AM.L.REV.101,106--109 (2003)284

4.2 Standing286

A group of associations...v.Italy,UNHRC (1990)287

Questions & Comments288

4.3. Exhaustion of Domestic Remedies289

Velasquez Rodriguez v.Honduras,Preliminary Objections,Inter-Am.Ct.H.R.(1989)291

Questions & Comments294

Advisory Opinion,Exceptions to the Exhaustion of Domestic Remedies in Cases of Indigency or Inability to Obtain Legal Representation Because of a Generalized Fear Within the Legal Community,Inter-Am.Ct.H.R.(1990)295

Questions & Comments301

4.4. Remedies and State Compliance301

Restitution302

Satisfaction304

Indemnity305

Questions & Comments305

5. SUBSTANTIVE INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND HUMANITARIAN LAW PROTECTIONS307

5.1. Fundamental International Human Rights Protections307

5.1.1. Rights to Life and Humane Treatment307

Instruments315

Torture;Cruel,Inhuman,Degrading Treatment or Punishment;and Sexual Violence315

Ireland v.United Kingdom,Eur.Ct.H.R.(1978)315

Questions & Comments320

Hernandez Rivas v.El Salvador,Inter-Am.Cm.H.R.(1994)322

Questions & Comments326

UNHRC General Comment 20 (Article 7)326

Abortion329

"The Baby Boy" Case,Inter-Am.Cm.H.R.(1981)330

Questions & Comments332

Vo v.France,Eur.Ct.H.R.(2004)333

Questions & Comments338

Death Penalty339

Instruments339

Domingues v.United States,Inter-Am.Cm.H.R.(2002)339

Questions & Comments351

Soering v.United Kingdom,Eur.Ct.H.R.(1989)351

Questions & Comments357

Judge v.Canada,UNHRC (2003)361

Questions & Comments364

Abductions,Disappearances,and Summary Executions364

Saldias de Lopez v.Uruguay,UNHRC (1981)365

Questions & Comments369

Velasquez Rodriguez v.Honduras,Inter-Am.Ct.H.R.(1988)370

Questions & Comments370

5.1.2. Rights to Personal Security and Liberty371

Instruments374

Murray v.United Kingdom,Eur.Ct.H.R.(1994)374

Questions & Comments389

Suarez Rosero v.Ecuador,Inter-Am.Ct.H.R.(1997)391

Questions & Comments398

Advisory Opinion,Judicial Guarantees in States of Emergency,Inter-Am.Ct.H.R.(1987)399

Questions & Comments399

5.1.3. Right to Freedom from Discrimination404

Instruments407

Intentional Discrimination407

Advisory Opinion,Proposed Amendments to the Naturalization Provisions of the Constitution of Costa Rica,Inter-Am.Ct.H.R.(1984)407

Questions & Comments414

Salgueiro da Silva Mouta v.Portugal,Eur.Ct.H.R.(1999)416

Questions & Comments420

Unintentional and Disparate Impact Discrimination421

Simunek,Hastings,Tuzilova and Prochazka v.The Czech Republic,UNHRC(1995)421

Questions & Comments425

Abdulaziz,Cabales and Balkandali v.United Kingdom,Eur.Ct.H.R.(1985)425

Questions & Comments444

Affirmative Action447

Marschall v.Land Nordrhein-Westfalen,Eur.Ct.J.(1997)447

Questions & Comments452

5.2. International Humanitarian Law Protections and Human Rights-Related International Crimes453

5.2.1. Genocide453

Instruments454

Prosecutor v.Akayesu,ICTR (1998)454

Questions & Comments473

5.2.2. Crimes Against Humanity475

Instruments477

Prosecutor v.Tadic (Final Judgment),ICTY (1997)477

Questions & Comments490

Prosecutor v.Akayesu,ICTR (1998)492

Questions & Comments502

5.2.3. War Crimes503

Instruments522

International and Noninternational Conflicts522

Prosecutor v.Tadic (Final Judgment),ICTY (1997)522

Questions & Comments527

The Proportionality Rule and Superfluous Injury and Unnecessary Suffering (SIrUS) Rule529

Francisco Forrest Martin,Using International Human Rights Law for Establishing a Unified Use of Force Rule in the Law of Armed Conflict,64(2) SASK.L.REV.347 (2002)529

Questions & Comments533

Rights International Memorial Amicus Curiae in Prosecutor v.Galic,ICTY (2003)534

Questions & Comments542

FRANCISCO FORREST MARTIN,CHALLENGING HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS:USING INTERNATIONAL LAW IN U.S.COURTS 130--41 (2001)543

5.3. Criminal and Civil Procedural Rights552

Instruments563

Presumption of Innocence563

Allenet de Ribemont v.France,Eur.Ct.H.R.(1995)563

Questions & Comments567

Assistance of Legal Counsel568

Grant v.Jamaica,UNHRC (1994)568

Questions & Comments573

Advisory Opinion,The Right to Information on Consular Assistance in the Framework of the Guarantees of the Due Process of Law Inter-American Court of Human Rights,Inter-Am.Ct.H.R.(1999)577

Questions & Comments589

Judicial and Jury Impartiality590

Andrews v.United States,Inter-Am.Cm.H.R.(1997)590

Questions & Comments604

Equality of Arms:Examination of Witnesses and Documents604

Harward v.Norway,UNHRC (1994)604

Questions & Comments606

Edwards v.United Kingdom,Eur.Ct.H.R.(1992)609

Questions & Comments619

Kostovski v.The Netherlands,Eur.Ct.H.R (1989)619

Questions & Comments630

Prosecutor v.Kayishema & Ruzindana,ICTR (2001)632

Questions & Comments634

Self-incrimination634

Funke v.France,Eur.Ct.H.R.(1993)634

Questions & Comments639

Length of Proceedings640

Firmenich v.Argentina,Inter-Am.Cm.H.R.(1989)640

Questions & Comments644

Retrospective Criminal Laws646

Welch v.United Kingdom,Eur.Ct.H.R.(1995)646

Questions & Comments652

Punishment653

Instruments655

Prosecutor v.Kambanda,ICTR (2000)655

Questions & Comments657

5.4. Rights to Privacy and Respect for Family Life659

Instruments662

Surveillance,Search and Seizure,and the Exclusionary Rule662

Peck v.United Kingdom,Eur.Ct.H.R.(2003)662

Questions & Comments670

Klass and Others v.Germany,Eur.Ct.H.R.(1978)670

Questions & Comments676

Garcia Perez v.Peru,Inter-Am.Cm.H.R.(1995)678

Questions & Comments680

Cremieux v.France,Eur.Ct.H.R.(1993)680

Questions & Comments684

Sexual Orientation and Practice685

Toonen v.Australia,UNHRC.(1994)685

Questions & Comments689

Transgendered Persons692

Goodwin v.United Kingdom,Eur.Ct.H.R.(2002)692

Questions & Comments711

Parental Rights and the Right to Familial Integrity711

Fei v.Colombia,UNHRC (1995)711

Questions & Comments719

Abortion724

Bruggemann and Scheuten v.Federal Republic of Germany,Eur.Cm.H.R.(1977)724

Questions & Comments727

Paton v.United Kingdom,Eur.Cm.H.R.(1980)729

Questions & Comments734

5.5. Freedom of Conscience734

Instruments736

Kokkinakis v.Greece,Eur.Ct.H.R.(1993)736

Questions & Comments747

5.6. Freedom of Expression750

Instruments753

Defamation753

Lingens v.Austria,Eur.Ct.H.R.(1986)753

Questions & Comments762

Offensive Expression768

J.R.T.and the W.G.Party v.Canada,UNHRC.(1983)768

Questions & Comments770

Muller and Others v.Switzerland,Eur.Ct.H.R.(1988)772

Questions & Comments786

Open Door Counselling and Dublin Well Woman v.Ireland,Eur.Ct.H.R.(1992)790

Questions & Comments800

National Security803

THE OBSERVER AND GUARDIAN V.United Kingdom ("The Spycatcher Case"),Eur.Ct.H.R.(1991)803

Questions & Comments822

Media Access and Licensing,and Commercial Expression825

Barthold v.Federal Republic of Germany,Eur.Ct.H.R.(1985)825

Questions & Comments840

5.7. Freedom of Association and Assembly844

Instruments846

Plattform 'Artze fur das Leben' v.Austria,Eur.Ct.H.R.(1988)846

Questions & Comments849

5.8. Right to Marriage851

Instruments852

Goodwin v.United Kingdom,Eur.Ct.H.R.(2002)852

Questions & Comments854

Johnston v.Ireland,Eur.Ct.H.R.(1986)855

Questions & Comments864

5.9. Right to Vote866

Instruments869

Statehood Solidarity Committee v.United States,Inter-Am.Cm H.R.(2003)869

Questions & Comments880

5.10. Economic,Social,and Cultural Rights881

Instruments891

The Nature of States Parties Obligations,ECOSOC Ctte.General Comment No.3(1990)891

Questions & Comments894

Five Pensioners Case,Inter-Am.Ct.H.R.(2003)895

Questions & Comments899

5.10.1. Employment900

Advisory Opinion,Juridical Condition and Rights of the Undocumented Migrants,Inter-Am.Ct.H.R.(2003)900

Questions & Comments911

5.10.2. Property911

Instruments913

The Mayagna (Sumo) Awas Tingni Community v.Nicaragua,Inter-Am.Ct.H.R.(2001)913

Questions & Comments915

James v.United Kingdom,Eur.Ct.H.R.(1986)916

Questions & Comments930

Stran Greek Refineries and Stratis Andreadis v.Greece (Merits),Eur.Ct.H.R.(1994)931

Questions & Comments936

6. THEORY AND CRITIQUE938

RICHARD FALK,THE END OF WORLD ORDER: ESSAYS ON NORMATIVE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (1983)938

Questions & Comments940

LOUIS HENKIN,THE AGE OF RIGHTS (1990)941

Questions & Comments943

Yash Ghai,Universalism and Relativism: Human Rights as a Framework for Negotiating Inter ethnic Claims,21 CARDOZO L.REV.1095--1102(2000)944

Abdullah Ahmen An-Na'im,Human Rights in the Muslim World:Socio-Political Conditions and Scriptural Imperatives,3 HARV.HUM.RTS.J.13(1990)949

Questions & Comments956

Hilary Charlesworth,Christine Chinkin 8c Shelley Wright,Feminist Approaches to International Law,85 AM.J.INT'L L.613 (1991)956

Questions & Comments958

Thomas M.Franck,Legitimacy in the International System,82 AM.J.INT'L L.705(1988)958

David Kennedy,The International Human Rights Movement:Part of the Problem?,15 HARV.HUM.RTS.J.101 (2002)967

Questions & Comments986

INDEX987