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Unit 1 International Trade Laws1

PART A1

1.1 International Trade Laws and Organizations1

Exercise 13

1.2 GATT: “provisional” for almost half a century7

Exercise 29

1.3 The Multilateral Trading System14

Exercise 315

1.4 The Structure and the Secretariat of WTO16

Exercise 418

PART B23

1. Translation of Trade Law Documents23

2. Language Features of English for Law28

3. Background Information for Reference30

Unit 2 Chinese Foreign Trade Laws33

PART A33

2.1 Chinese Foreign Trade Laws（ Ⅰ ）33

Exercise 138

2.2 Chinese Foreign Trade Laws（ Ⅱ ）41

Exercise 246

2.3 Settling Disputes48

2.3.1 Dispute-Settling Principles49

2.3.2 Dispute-Settling Process50

Exercise 352

2.3.3 Appeals54

2.3.4 Penalty55

2.3.5 Same People, Different Hats？56

Exercise 456

PART B61

1. Translation of Trade Law Documents61

2. Language Features of English for Law66

3. Background Information for Reference69

Unit 3 Goods Trade （ Ⅰ ）71

Part A71

3.1 Agriculture Negotiations71

Exercise 173

3.2 Anti-Dumping77

Exercise 280

3.3 Balance of Payments83

3.4 Customs Valuation84

Exercise 385

3.5 The Goods Council and GATT Regulation87

3.6 Import Licensing87

3.7 Information Technology Products88

3.7. 1 Basic Principles of the ITA89

3.7.2 Normal Implementation Period89

3.7.3 Extended Staging/Developing Countries89

3.7.4 The ITA Today90

3.8 Market Access for Goods91

3.8.1 Tariff Cuts91

3.8.2 More Bindings92

Exercise 492

PART B95

1. Translation of Trade Law Documents95

2. Language Features of English for Law98

3. Background Information for Reference101

Unit 4 Goods Trade （ Ⅱ ）107

PART A107

4.1 Rules of Origin107

4.1.1 A General Introduction107

4.1.2 An Excerpt from the Agreement on Rules of Origin108

4.2 Safeguard Measures109

Exercise 1111

4.3 Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures114

4.3.1 Regulations for Animal and Plant Products114

4.3.2 The Least Developed and Those Depending on Food Imports115

4.4 Schedules of Concessions on Goods115

4.4.1 The Uruguay Round Increased Bindings116

4.4.2 Four Parts of the Schedule116

4.4.3 Content of the Schedule117

Exercise 2117

4.5 State Trading Enterprise119

4.6 Subsidies and Countervailing Measures120

Exercise 3122

4.7 Technical Barriers to Trade124

4.8 Textiles125

4.8.1 Textiles Monitoring Body （TMB）125

4.8.2 The WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing （ATC） 1995 2004125

Exercise 4130

4.9 Trade Facilitation132

4.9.1 Mandate for Work by the Singapore Ministerial Declaration132

4.9.2 What is Trade Facilitation？132

4.9.3 Why is Trade Facilitation Becoming An Issue Now？132

4.9.4 Trade Facilitation in the Legal Framework of the WTO133

4.9.5 Current Status of Work133

Exercise 5133

PART B135

1. Translation of Trade Law Documents135

2. Language Features of English for Law138

3. Background Information for Reference139

Unit 5 Service Trade143

PART A143

5.1 Basic Principles of Service Trade143

5.2 General Obligations and Disciplines144

5.2.1 Total Coverage144

5.2.2 Most-Favored-Nation （ MFN ） Treatment144

5.2.3 Commitments on Market Access and National Treatment145

5.2.4 Transparency146

5.2.5 Regulations146

5.2.6 Recognition147

5.2.7 International Payments and Transfers147

5.2.8 Progressive Liberalization147

Exercise 1147

5.3 The Annexes150

5.3.1 Movement of Natural Persons150

5.3.2 Financial Services150

5.3.3 Telecommunications151

5.3.4 Air Transport Services151

5.4 Current Work151

5.4.1 Negotiations （Article 19）151

5.4.2 Work on GATS Rules （ Articles 10, 13,15）152

5.4.3 Work on Domestic Regulations（Article 4.4）152

5.4.4 MFN Exemptions （Annex on Article 2）153

5.4.5 Taking Account of “Autonomous” Liberalization （Article 19）153

5.4.6 Special Treatment for Least-Developed Countries （Article 19）153

5.4.7 Assessment of Trade in Services （Article 19）154

5.4.8 Air Transport Services154

Exercise 2154

5.5 Assessment of Liberalization in Services158

5.5.1 Sectoral Experience of Hong Kong in Telecommunications158

5.5.2 Background158

5.5.3 Financial Model159

5.5.4 Cost-Benefits Analysis160

5.5.5 Tangible Benefits160

5.5.6 Intangible Benefits161

5.5.7 Observations162

Exercise 3163

PART B166

1. Translation of Trade Law Documents166

2. Language Features of English for Law168

3. Background Information for Reference174

Unit 6 Intellectual Property177

PART A177

6.1 Understanding of Intellectual Property（IP） Rights177

Exercise 1179

6.2 Intellectual Property.. Protection and Enforcement183

6.2.1 Origins of TRIPS184

6.2.2 WIPO185

6.2.3 General Provisions186

6.3 Basic Principles of TRIPS187

6.4 Protecting Intellectual Property: Common Ground- rules187

6.4.1 Copyright187

6.4.2 Trademarks188

6.4.3 Geographical Indications188

Exercise 2189

6.4.4 Industrial Designs191

6.4.5 Patents191

6.4.6 Integrated Circuits Layout Designs192

6.4.7 Undisclosed Information and Trade Secrets193

6.4.8 Curbing Anti-competitive Licensing Contracts193

6.5 Enforcement: Tough but Fair193

6.5.1 Technology Transfer194

6.5.2 Transition Arrangements: 1, 5 or 11 Years or More194

6.6 The Three Main Features of the Agreement195

6.7 Certain General Provisions196

Exercise 3198

6.8 The Text of TRIPS201

Exercise 4204

PART B207

1. Translation of Trade Law Documents207

2. Language Features of English for Law211

3. Background Information for Reference212

Unit 7 Understanding WTO Agreement on Agriculture214

PART A214

Overview214

7.1 How does the WTO Agreement on Agriculture Come Out215

7.1.1 Agricultural Trade215

7.1.2 Trade Policies Prior to the WTO216

7.1.3 Uruguay Round Agricultural Negotiations218

Exercise 1218

7.2 Introduction of The Agreement on Agriculture223

7.2.1 Relationship with Other WTO Agreements223

7.2.2 Product Coverage224

7.2.3 Rules and Commitments224

7.2.4 Implementation Period224

7.2.5 Committee on Agriculture224

7.3 The WTO Agreement on Agriculture Itself225

7.3.1 Part 1226

Exercise 2228

7.3.2 Part2232

7.3.3 Part3232

7.3.4 Part4236

Exercise 3238

7.3.5 Part5242

7.3.6 Part6245

Exercise 4246

PART B249

1. Translation of Trade Law Documents249

2. Language Features of English for Law254

3. Background Information for Reference256

Unit 8 Relation Between WTO and China258

PART A258

8.1 China Has Had a “Long March” to WTO Entry258

8.2 China's WTO Entry Is a Major Historic Event260

Exercise 1261

8.3 The Balance of Rights and Duties265

8.4 What Can China's Indnstries Get from the WTO？267

Exercise 2268

8.5 The Sino-US Bilateral Agreement270

Exercise 3274

PART B278

1. Translation of Trade Law Documents278

2. Language Features of English for Law281

3. Background Information for Reference282

Unit 9 About WTO Agreements284

PART A284

Overview284

9.1 The Structure of the WTO Agreements286

9.2 Tariffs: More Bindings and Closer to Zero287

Exercise 1288

9.3 Agreements, Binding Tariffs and Distortion291

9.4 The Agriculture Agreement: New Rules and Commitments293

9.5 Export Subsidies: Limits on Spending and Quantities296

Exercise 2297

9.6 Standards and Safety300

9.7 Textiles : Back in the Mainstream302

9.8 Services: Rules for Growth and Investment304

Exercise 3305

9.9 General Obligations and Disciplines307

9.10 International Payments and Transfers310

Exercise 4311

PART B313

1. Translation of Trade Law Documents313

2. Language Features of English for Law317

3. Background Information for Reference319

Unit 10 Dispute Settlement321

PART A321

10.1 A Unique Contribution321

10.2 Settling Disputes322

10.3 How the Panels Are to Work324

10.3.1 Appeals325

Exercise 1327

10.3.2 Case Study331

10.3.3 Disputes: Where Should They Be Handled？331

Exercise 2335

10.4 A GATT Dispute: The Tuna-Dolphin Dispute339

10.5 Examples of Dispute Settlement Documents341

Exercise 3344

PART B348

1. Translation of Trade Law Documents348

2. Language Features of English for Law351

3. Background Information for Reference352