中国学习者英语反身代词的习得研究PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本下载

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Chapter One Introduction1

1.1 Introduction1

1.2 Referentiality in natural language2

1.2.1 Referentiality in human language2

1.2.2 Significance of the research on referentiality4

1.3 Referential characteristics of reflexives in English and Chinese7

1.3.1 Similarities in referential properties7

1.3.2 Distinct referential characteristics8

1.3.2.1 The difference in locality requirement8

1.3.2.2 The difference in orientation9

1.3.3 The logical problem with the acquisition of English reflexives10

1.4 UG and second language acquisition11

1.5 Organization of the dissertation14

Chapter Two Theoretical Foundations：The Binding Theory16

2.1 Introduction16

2.2 Types of determiner phrases17

2.3 The standard binding theory19

2.3.1 Binding19

2.3.2 Principle A of the standard binding theory21

2.3.3 Problems with the standard binding theory24

2.4 Modified versions of the standard binding theory25

2.4.1 Binding Principle A of the parameterized approach26

2.4.1.1 Governing Category Parameter and Proper Antecedent Parameter26

2.4.1.2 Criticisms of the parameterized approach28

2.4.2 Binding Principle A of the LF-movement approach29

2.4.2.1 Account of the long-distance binding30

2.4.2.2 Predictions for language acquisition33

2.4.2.3 Problems with the LF-movement approach33

2.4.3 Binding Principle A of the relativized SUBJECT approach36

2.4.3.1 Binding Principle A36

2.4.3.2 Long-distance effects37

2.4.3.3 Subject orientation39

2.4.3.4 Predictions for language acquisition40

2.4.3.5 Problems with the relativized SUBJECT approach41

2.5 The binding theory in the Minimalist Program（MP）43

2.5.1 Overview of the MP：Simplicity44

2.5.2 The phase theory45

2.5.3 Mechanisms of binding in the phase theory46

2.5.3.1 Derivational Binding Principle A46

2.5.3.2 Binding through ？-feature matching47

Chapter Three Previous Empirical Studies on Reflexives49

3.1 Introduction49

3.2 Studies on child language acquisition of reflexives51

3.2.1 L1 research within the framework of the parameterized approach52

3.2.1.1 Acquisition of reflexives with the local binding in the NL52

3.2.1.2 Acquisition of L1 reflexives with LD binding53

3.2.2 Reflexive and pronoun asymmetry54

3.2.3 Evidence supporting the relativized SUBJECT approach56

3.2.4 Developmental processes57

3.3 Studies on second language acquisition of reflexive binding60

3.3.1 Studies within the framework of the parameterized approach60

3.3.1.1 Finer＆Broselow（1986）60

3.3.1.2 Finer（1991）63

3.3.1.3 Thomas（1989 and 1991a）65

3.3.1.4 Cook（1990）66

3.3.1.5 Hirakawa（1990）67

3.3.1.6 Eckman（1994）68

3.3.1.7 Lakshmanan＆Teranishi（1994）68

3.3.2 Studies within the LF-movement approach69

3.3.2.1 Christie（1992）70

3.3.2.2 Thomas（1995）70

3.3.2.3 Yip＆Tang（1998）71

3.3.2.4 Jiang（2009）72

3.3.3 Studies within the relativized SUBJECT approach73

3.3.3.1 Bennett（1994）73

3.3.3.2 MacLaughlin（1998）74

3.3.3.3 Wells（1998）75

3.4 An alternative account of the problematic acquisition：the Interface Hypothesis（IH）77

3.5 Summary78

Chapter Four Experimental Design and Method80

4.1 Introduction80

4.2 The mixed RM ANOVA design81

4.3 Procedure83

4.4 Materials83

4.4.1 Sentence Type 1：C-command85

4.4.2 Sentence Type 2：Orientation86

4.4.3 Sentence Type 3：Locality in the finite condition87

4.4.4 Sentence Type 4：Locality in the nonfinite condition87

4.4.5 Sentence Type 5：Locality in the PRNP condition87

4.5 Participants90

4.6 Research questions91

Chapter Five Data and Data Analyses93

5.1 Introduction93

5.2 Preliminary analysis94

5.2.1 The descriptive statistics94

5.2.2 The results of the mixed RM ANOVA98

5.3 Developmental patterns across binding properties101

5.3.1 The low group102

5.3.1.1 Aggregate results102

5.3.1.2 Individual results112

5.3.2 The mid group119

5.3.2.1 Group data119

5.3.2.2 Individual data126

5.3.3 The high group132

5.3.3.1 Group results132

5.3.3.2 Individual data139

5.4 Developmental patterns of binding properties through proficiency levels145

5.4.1 C-commanding requirement145

5.4.1.1 Aggregated data145

5.4.1.2 Individual results147

5.4.2 Orientation149

5.4.2.1 Aggregated data149

5.4.2.2 Individual results150

5.4.3 Locality：The finite condition151

5.4.3.1 Aggregated results152

5.4.3.2 Individual data154

5.4.4 Locality：The nonfinite condition155

5.4.4.1 Aggregated results156

5.4.4.2 Individual data158

5.4.5 Locality：The PRNP condition159

5.4.5.1 Aggregated results159

5.4.5.2 Individual data161

Chapter Six Discussion163

6.1 Introduction163

6.2 Main Results164

6.2.1 Development across binding properties164

6.2.2 Development through proficiency165

6.3 Crosslinguistic influence167

6.3.1 Positive transfer hypothesis168

6.3.2 The two-stage transfer：Accounting for the group differences169

6.3.3 Combinatory transfer of morphology of reflexives and AGR170

6.4 Direct accessibility of Universal Grammar171

6.4.1 L2 interlanguage grammars falling within the range sanctioned by UG172

6.4.2 Constraints of UG on interlanguage grammars174

6.4.2.1 The LF-movement account176

6.4.2.2 The parameterized approach177

6.4.2.3 The relativized SUBJECT analysis177

6.5 Asymmetries in locality：A phase-based approach179

6.5.1 Advanced L2 learners180

6.5.1.1 Reflexives in the vP Phase180

6.5.1.2 The DP phase183

6.5.2 Intermediate L2 learners184

6.5.3 Low proficiency learners184

6.5.3.1 Completeness of the vP phase185

6.5.3.2 Head of the phase：v vs.D185

6.6 Interface categories involved in Binding Principle A186

6.6.1 Acquisition of c-commanding condition：Pure syntax187

6.6.2 Acquisition of locality in the nonfinite clause：Syntax-lexicon interface188

6.6.3 Acquisition of locality in the PRNP condition：Syntax-semantics interface190

6.6.4 Acquisition of the object DP binding：Syntax-discourse interface192

Chapter Seven Conclusion195

7.1 Introduction195

7.2 Developmental patterns of L2 learners'acquisition of reflexives195

7.3 Theoretical and empirical implications196

7.4 Suggestions for future research198

Notes200

References202

Appendix：Individual results221

Abbreviations226