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Part One Early American Literature1

Chapter One Birth of American Literature1

1．Introduction1

1.1 A New Land1

1.2 Puritan Ideas2

1.3 Literary Characteristics3

2．Jonathan Edwards(1703—1758)3

3．Selected Writing "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"by Edwards4

Chapter Two The Revolutionary Period6

1．Introduction6

1.1 Enlightenment Ideas6

1.2 The American Revolution7

1.3 Literature during the Revolutionary Period8

2．Benjamin Franklin(1706—1790)8

3．Thomas Jefferson(1743—1826)9

4．Selected Writings10

4.1 The Autobiography(an excerpt)by Franklin10

4.2 "The Declaration of Independence"by Jefferson13

Chapter Three The Rise of a National Literature17

1．Introduction17

1.1 The Expanding Frontier17

1.2 Growth of American Literature18

2．Washington Irving(1783—1859)18

3．James Fenimore Cooper(1789—1851)19

3.1 Life and Career19

3.2 The Pioneers(synopsis)20

4．Selected Writing "Rip Van Winkle"by Irving22

Part Two American Literature between the 1820s and 1860s36

Chapter Four Romanticism(Ⅰ)36

1．Introduction36

1.1 Historical Background36

1.2 Literary Characteristics37

1.3 New England Transcendentalism38

2．Ralph Waldo Emerson(1803—1882)40

3．Nathaniel Hawthorne(1804—1864)41

3.1 Life and Career41

3.2 The Scarlet Letter(synopsis)42

4．Henry David Thoreau(1817—1862)43

5．Walt Whitman(1819—1892)45

6．Emily Dickinson(1830—1886)46

7．Selected Writings47

7.1 "Self-Reliance"(excerpts)by Emerson47

7.2 "Young Goodman Brown"by Hawthorne54

7.3 "The Village"(an excerpt from Walden)by Thoreau64

7.4 "I Hear America Singing"by Whitman68

7.5 "Song of Myself"by Whitman68

7.6 "I Sit and Look Out"by Whitman70

7.7 "O Captain!My Captain!"by Whitman70

7.8 "I Never Saw a Moor"by Dickinson71

7.9 "I Heard a Fly Buzz—When I Died—"by Dickinson72

7.10 "I Like to See it Lap the Miles—"by Dickinson72

7.11 "I Felt a Funeral,in my Brain"by Dickinson73

7.12 "Because I Could not Stop for Death—"by Dickinson74

7.13 "Tell All the Truth But Tell it Slant"by Dickinson75

7.14 "Apparently with No Surprise"by Dickinson75

7.15 "As Imperceptibly As Grief"by Dickinson75

Chapter Five Romanticism(Ⅱ)76

1．Henry Wadsworth Longfellow(1807—1882)76

2．Edgar Allan Poe(1809—1849)77

3．Herman Melville(1819—1891)78

3.1 Life and Career78

3.2 Moby-Dick(synopsis)79

4．Selected Writings80

4.1 "A Psalm of Life"by Longfellow80

4.2 "Mezzo Cammin"by Longfellow82

4.3 "To Helen"by Allan Poe82

4.4 "Annabel Lee"by Allan Poe83

4.5 "Eldorado"by Allan Poe84

4.6 "The Raven"by Allan Poe85

4.7 "The Tell-Tale Heart"by Allan Poe89

Part Three American Literature between the 1860s and 1910s94

Chapter Six Realism94

1．Introduction94

1.1 Historical Background94

1.2 Literary Characteristics95

2．Mark Twain(Samuel Langhorne Clemens)(1835—1910)96

2.1 Life and Career96

2.2 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn(synopsis)97

3．Henry James(1843—1916)98

3.1 Life and Career98

3.2 The Portrait of a Lady(synopsis)99

4．O.Henry(1862—1910)101

5．Selected Writings102

5.1 "The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County"by Twain102

5.2 "The Art of Fiction"(Excerpts)by James107

5.3 "The Cop and the Anthem"by O.Henry113

Chapter Seven Naturalism118

1．Introduction118

2．Stephen Crane(1871—1900)119

2.1 Life and Career119

2.2 The Red Badge of Courage(synopsis)120

3．Theodore Dreiser(1871—1945)121

3.1 Life and Career121

3.2 Sister Carrie(synopsis)122

4．Jack London(1876—1916)123

5．Selected Writings124

5.1 "An Episode of War"by Crane124

5.2 "Black Riders Came from the Sea"by Crane128

5.3 "A Youth in Apparel That Glittered"by Crane128

5.4 "A Slant of Sun on Dull Brown Walls"by Crane129

5.5 "The Law of Life"by London129

Part Four American Literature between the Two World Wars137

Chapter Eight Modernism(Ⅰ)137

1．Introduction137

1.1 Social and Historical Background137

1.2 Literary Characteristics138

2．Robert Frost(1874—1963)141

3．Wallace Stevens(1879—1955)142

4．William Carlos Williams(1883—1963)142

5．Ezra Pound(1885—1972)143

6．T.S.Eliot(1888—1965)144

7．Selected Writings145

7.1 "The Road Not Taken"by Frost145

7.2 "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening"by Frost146

7.3 "After Apple-Picking"by Frost146

7.4 "Mending Wall"by Frost148

7.5 "Sunday Morning"by Stevens149

7.6 "Anecdote of the Jar"by Stevens152

7.7 "The Emperor of Ice-Cream"by Stevens153

7.8 "The Snow Man"by Stevens153

7.9 "Portrait of a Lady"by Williams154

7.10 "The Red Wheelbarrow"by Williams155

7.11 "The Young Housewife"by Williams155

7.12 "Landscape with the Fall of Icarus"by Williams156

7.13 "In a Station of the Metro"by Pound157

7.14 "The River-Merchant's Wife:A Letter"by Pound157

7.15 "The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock"by Eliot158

Chapter Nine Modernism(Ⅱ)162

1．Sherwood Anderson(1876—1941)162

2．Eugene Gladstone O'Neill(1888—1953)163

2.1 Life and Career163

2.2 Long Day's Journey into Night(synopsis)164

3．F.Scott Fitzgerald(1896—1940)165

3.1 Life and Career165

3.2 The　Great Gatsby(synopsis)166

4．William Faulkner(1897—1962)167

4.1 Life and Career167

4.2 Absalom,Absalom!(synopsis)168

5．Ernest Hemingway(1899—1961)169

5.1 Life and Career169

5.2 The Old Man and the Sea(synopsis)170

6．Selected Writings170

6.1 "Mother"(an excerpt from Winesburg,Ohio)by Anderson170

6.2 Long Day's Journey into Night(an excerpt from Act Ⅳ)by O'Neill176

6.3 "Babylon Revisited"by Fitzgerald182

6.4 "A Rose for Emily"by Faulkner198

6.5 "A Clean,Well-lighted Place"by Hemingway205

Part Five Post-WWⅡ American Literature210

Chapter Ten Postwar Realism and Ethnic Literature210

1．Introduction210

1.1 Historical Background210

1.2 Literary Characteristics211

2．Langston Hughes(1902—1967)212

3．Charles Olson(1910—1970)214

4．Saul Bellow(1915—2005)214

4.1 Life and Career214

4.2 Herzog(Synopsis)216

5．J.D.Salinger(1919—2010)217

5.1 Life and Career217

5.2 The Catcher in the Rye(synopsis)218

6．Joseph Heller(1923—1999)219

6.1 Life and Career219

6.2 Catch-22(Synopsis)220

7．Flannery O'Connor(1925—1964)222

8．Allen Ginsberg(1926—1997)223

9．Toni Morrison(1931—)224

9.1 Life and Career224

9.2 Song of Solomon(synopsis)225

10．Joyce Carol Oates(1938—)226

10.1 Life and Career226

10.2 Them(Synopsis)228

11．Maxine Hong Kingston(1940—)229

11.1 Life and Career229

11.2 The Woman Warrior(synopsis)230

12．Selected Writings230

12.1 "The Negro Speaks of Rivers"by Hughes230

12.2 "The Weary Blues"by Hughes231

12.3 "Maximus,to Gloucester,Sunday,July 19"by Olson232

12.4 "Graven Images"by Bellow235

12.5 "Uncle Wiggily in Connecticut"by Salinger239

12.6 "The Life You Save May Be Your Own"by O'Connor251

12.7 "Howl"by Ginsberg259

Bibliography269