文学批评方法手册 第4版PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本下载

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1．Getting Started:The Precritical Response1

Ⅰ．Setting6

Ⅱ．Plot7

Ⅲ．Character7

Ⅳ．Structure8

Ⅴ．Style9

Ⅵ．Atmosphere10

Ⅶ．Theme11

2．Traditional Approaches16

Ⅰ．Nature and Scope of the Traditional Approaches16

A．Textual Scholarship:A Prerequisite to Criticism18

B．Types of Traditional Approaches21

1．Historical-Biographical22

2．Moral-Philosophical25

Ⅱ．The Traditional Approaches in Practice27

A．Traditional Approaches to Marvell's "To His Coy Mistress"27

1．The Text of the Poem27

2．The Genre of the Poem28

3．Historical-Biographical Considerations30

4．Moral-Philosophical Considerations32

B．Traditional Approaches to Hamlet33

1．The Text of the Play33

2．A Summary of the Play36

3．Historical-Biographical Considerations37

4．Moral-Philosophical Considerations41

C．Traditional Approaches to Adventures of Huckleberry Finn42

1．Dialect and Textual Matters43

2．The Genre and the Plot of the Novel43

3．Historical-Biographical Considerations45

4．Moral-Philosophical Considerations50

D．Traditional Approaches to"Young Goodman Brown"51

1．The Text of the Story52

2．The Genre and the Plot of the Story52

3．Historical-Biographical Considerations54

4．Moral-Philosophical Considerations57

E．Traditional Approaches to"Everyday Use:for your grandmama"60

1．The Plot of the Story60

2．Historical-Biographical Considerations61

3．Moral-Philosophical Considerations65

3．The Formalistic Approach70

Ⅰ．Reading a Poem:An Introduction to the Formalistic Approach70

Ⅱ．The Process of Formalistic Analysis:Making the Close Reader73

Ⅲ．A Brief History of Formalistic Criticism76

A．The Course of a Half Century76

B．Backgrounds of Formalistic Theory77

C．The New Criticism80

Ⅳ．Constants of the Formalistic Approach:Some Key Concepts,Terms,and Devices82

A．Form and Organic Form83

B．Texture,Image,Symbol85

C．Fallacies87

D．Point of View87

E．The Speaker's Voice89

F．Tension,Irony,Paradox90

Ⅴ．The Formalistic Approach in Practice91

A．Word,Image,and Theme:Space-Time Metaphors in "To His Coy Mistress"91

B．The Dark,the Light,and the Pink:Ambiguity as Form in"Young Goodman Brown"96

1．Virtues and Vices98

2．Symbol or Allegory?100

3．Loss upon Loss101

C．Romance and Reality,Land and River:The Journey as Repetitive Form in Huckleberry Finn104

D．Dialectic as Form:The Trap Metaphor in Hamlet110

1．The Trap Imagery110

2．The Cosmological Trap111

3．"Seeming" and "Being"113

4．"Seeing" and "Knowing"116

E．Irony and Narrative Voice:A Formalistic Approach to "Everyday Use:for your grandmama"118

Ⅵ．Limitations of the Formalistic Approach121

4．The Psychological Approach:Freud125

Ⅰ．Aims and Principles125

A．Abuses and Misunderstandings of the Psychological Approach126

B．Freud's Theories127

Ⅱ．The Psychological Approach in Practice134

A．Hamlet:The Oedipus Complex134

B．Rebellion against the Father in Huckleberry Finn137

C．"Young Goodman Brown":Id versus Superego141

D．The Turn of the Screw:The Consequences of Sexual Repression144

E．Death Wish in Poe's Fiction148

F．Love and Death in Blake's "Sick Rose"149

G．Sexual Imagery in "To His Coy Mistress"150

H．Morality over the Pleasure Principle in "Everyday Use"153

Ⅲ．Other Possibilities and Limitations of the Psychological Approach155

5．Mythological and Archetypal Approaches158

Ⅰ．Definitions and Misconceptions158

Ⅱ．Some Examples of Archetypes160

A．Images161

B．Archetypal Motifs or Patterns165

C Archetypes as Genres166

Ⅲ．Myth Criticism in Practice167

A．Anthropology and Its Uses168

1．The Sacrificial Hero:Hamlet171

2．Archetypes of Time and Immortality:"To His Coy Mistress"175

B．Jungian Psychology and Its Archetypal Insights177

1．Some Special Archetypes:Shadow,Persona,and Anima180

2．"Young Goodman Brown":A Failure of Individuation182

3．Syntheses of Jung and Anthropology184

C．Myth Criticism and the American Dream:Huckleberry Finn as the American Adam186

D．"Everyday Use":The Great[Grand]Mother191

Ⅳ．Limitations of Myth Criticism193

6．Feminist Approaches196

Ⅰ．Feminism and Feminist Literary Criticism:Definitions196

Ⅱ．Historical Overview and Major Themes in Feminist Criticism198

Ⅲ．Four Significant Current Practices200

A．Gender Studies200

B．Marxist Feminism202

C．Psychoanalytic Feminism203

D．Minority Feminist Criticism208

Ⅳ．The Future of Feminist Literary Studies:Some Problems and Limitations212

Ⅴ．Five Feminist Approaches215

A．The Marble Vault:The Mistress in "To His Coy Mistress"215

B．Frailty,Thy Name Is Hamlet:Hamlet and Women217

C．Men,Women,and the Loss of Faith in "Young Goodman Brown"223

D．Women and "Sivilization" in Huckleberry Finn225

E．"In Real Life":Recovering the Feminine Past in "Everyday Use"230

7．Cultural Studies239

Ⅰ．What Is"Cultural Studies"?239

Ⅱ．Three Ways to Study Culture245

A．British Cultural Materialism245

B．The New Historicism247

C．American Multiculturalism253

1．African American Writers256

2．Latina/o Writers260

3．American Indian Literature263

4．Asian American Writers267

Ⅲ．Cultural Studies in Practice270

A．Two Characters in Hamlet:Marginalization with a Vengeance270

B．"To His Coy Mistress":Implied Culture versus Historical Fact276

C．"The Lore of Fiends":Hawthorne and His Market278

D．Telling the Truth,"Mainly":Tricksterism in Huckleberry Finn283

E．Cultures in Conflict:A Story Looks at Cultural Change292

8．Additional Approaches302

Ⅰ．Aristotelian Criticism(Including the Chicago School)304

Ⅱ．Genre Criticism307

Ⅲ．Source Study and Related Approaches(Genetic Criticism)311

Ⅳ．The History of Ideas315

Ⅴ．Rhetoric,Linguistics,and Stylistics319

Ⅵ．The Marxist Approach327

Ⅶ．Structuralism and Poststructuralism,Including Deconstruction331

A．Structuralism:Context and Defintion331

B．The Linguistic Model332

C．Russian Formalism:Extending Saussure334

D．Structuralism,Lévi-Strauss,and Semiotics335

E．French Structuralism:Codes and Decoding337

F．British and American Interpreters339

G．Poststructuralism:Deconstruction340

Ⅷ．Phenomenological Criticism(The Criticism of Consciousness)343

Ⅸ．Dialogics349

Ⅹ．Reader-Response Criticism355

Epilogue369

Appendixes373

Andrew Marvell,"To His Coy Mistress"373

Nathaniel Hawthorne ,"Young Goodman Brown"375

Alice Walker,"Everyday Use:for your grandmama"388

Index397